1346 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



browsing mammals), ^anzen, 1966. Evolution 20: 249-275 (coevolution of mutualism 

 between ants and acacias in Central America). — Janzen, 1967. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 48: 

 315-558 (interaction of the bull's-hom acacia with an ant inhabitant {Pseudamyrmex 

 ferruginea Smith) in eastern Mexico). Janzen, 1967. Ecology 48: 26-35 (fire, vegetation 

 structure and the ant acacia interaction in Central America). — Janzen, 1969. The Condor 

 71: 240-256 (the ant acacia interaction and birds in Central America.). 



Morphology: Eisner, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 116: 452-453 



(proventriculus). — Gotwald, 1969. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta (Cornell Univ.), Mem. 408: 128 

 (mouthparts). 

 apache Creighton. S. Tex., s. N. Mex., s. Ariz., s. Calif.; n. Mexico. Ecology: Most colonies have 

 been found in sizeable limbs or trunks of species of Quercus and Prosopis. 

 Psevdomyrmex apache Creighton, 1952. Psyche 59: 134-139. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 380 (larva). 



Biology: Creighton, 1954. Psyche 61: 9-15. —Creighton, 1963. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2156: 1-4 

 (high mortality during cold snap). 

 brunneus (Smith). N. C. to Fla. w. to Tex. s. to Central Amer.; W. Indies. Ecology: Colonies 

 have been found in dead twigs of various plants and in culms of grasses and sedges. 

 Pseudomyrma brunnea Smith, 1877. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 63. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 420-421. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 382 (larva). 



Biology: Mitchell and Pierce, 1912. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 69. —Wheeler, 1932. N. Y. Ent. 

 Soc., Jour. 40: 3. 

 elongatus (Mayr). Fla., Tex. s. to S. Amer.; W. Indies. Ecology: Colonies have been found in 

 twigs of trees and in culms of grasses and sedges. 

 Psevdomyrma elongata Mayr, 1870. Akad. der Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Sitzber. 61: 408, 



413. 5. 

 Pseupomyrma elongata var. cubaensis Forel, 1901. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 45: 342 9 . 

 Pseudomyrma elongata var. tandem, Forel, 1906. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 50: 228. 9 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21: 85-87 (each caste). —Creighton, 

 1955. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 63: 17-20. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 

 49: 384 Oarva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1932. N. Y. Ent. See., Jour. 40: 4. 

 grracilis mexicanus (Roger). Fla., Tex. s. to Central Amer. Ecology: Colonies have been found 

 in dead limbs of live oaks, in live oak twig galls, in shrubs, hollow stems of composites, 

 and cavities in other plants. Probably accidentally introduced into Florida. P. gracilis 

 gracilis (Fabricius) is found in Central and S. Amer. 

 Psetidomyrma mexicana Roger, 1863. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 7: 178. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 421 (worker, female). —Wheeler 

 and Wheeler, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 385-386 (larva). —Brown, 1957. Harvard 

 Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 116: 235. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1901. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 45: 204. —Mitchell and Pierce, 1912. Ent. Soc. 



Wash., Proc. 14: 69. — Whitcomb, Denmark, Buren, and Carroll, 1972. Fla. Ent. 55: 31-33 



(in Florida). 

 pallidus (Smith). N. C. to Fla. w. to Ariz., Calif, s. to S. Amer.; W. Indies. Ecology: Colonies 

 have been foimd in twigs and branches of various plants and in culms of grasses and 

 sedges. Some of the early western records of this species may actually refer to apache 

 Creighton. References to P.flavidulus (Smith) for the U. S. pertain to this species; 

 flavidulus was described from S. Amer. and its correct status is not known (see 

 Creighton, 1950). 



Psevdomyrma pallida Smith, 1855. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., 3: 160. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 419-420. —Wheeler, 1905. Amer. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21: 83-85 (each caste). —Creighton, 1950. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., Bui. 104: 80-82. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 386 (larva). 



