1348 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



— Kannowski, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., N. Central Branch, Proc. 25:119-125 (colony 

 populations of 5 species). 



Morphology: Weir, 1957. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci. 98:499-506 (functional anatomy of mid-gut 

 of larvae). — Weir, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6:375-386 (changes in the rectro-cerebral 

 endocrine system of larvae and their relation to larval growth and development). — Crewe 

 and Blum, 1970. Ztschr. f. Vergleich. Physiol. 70:363-373 (alarm pheromones of 9 species). 

 americana Weber. Que., Maine s. to N. C, Tenn., w. to Man., Colo., Utah, Ariz. Ecology: More 



common on east slop)es of Rocky Mtns.; records from west of the Rockies are rare. 



Commonly found in grasslands where nests are in soil in open or under objects; food is 



varied, consisting of animal matter and plant juices. Sometimes considered as a 



subspecies of the Palearctic Myrmica sabuleti Meinert. 

 Myrmica sabuleti americana Weber, 1939. Lloydia 2:144. 9, 9, S. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Psyche 59:116 (larva). 



Biology: "Wheeler, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:587. — Buren, 1944. 

 Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 18:282-283. —Kannowski, 1956. Amer. Midland Nat. 56:175. 

 — Kannowski and Kannowski, 1957. Ohio Jour. Sci. 57:371-374 (mating activities). 

 —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 96-99. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 308-310. — Ayre, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95:712-715 (feeding habits). —Bums, 1964. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 57:138 (association with tuliptree scale). — Ayre, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100:1(55-172 

 (prey finding, capture, and transport). — Ayre, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101:118-128 (trail 

 formation and group foraging). — Ayre, 1971. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 68:295-299 (foraging 

 and nesting habits). 

 brevispinosa brevispinosa Wheeler. N. Dak., Nebr. s. to Colo., N. Mex., w. to Alta., Idaho. 



Ecology: Prefers to nest in stream valleys or on shores of permanent bodies of water. 

 Myrmica rubra brevinodis var. brevispinosa Wheeler, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., Bui. 5:74. 



Myrmica rubra brevinodis var. decedens Wheeler, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., Bui. 5:75. 5 , 



S. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Psyche 59:117 (larva). — Kannowski, 1956. Amer. 

 Midland Nat. 56:176. —Gregg, 1961. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 69:211. 



Biology: Weber, 1942. Canad. Ent. 74:62. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1944. N. Dak. Hist. Quart. 

 11:241. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 296-297, 299. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants 

 of N. Dak., pp. 101-103 (subspecies not recognized). 

 brevispinosa discontinua Weber. Newfoundland, N. S. w. to mtns. of Wyo., Colo., N. Mex. 

 Ecology: Apparently more tolerant than the typical subspecies of higher altitudes in 

 Rockies where the two subspecies overlap. 

 Myrmica brevinodis discontinue Weber, 1939. Lloydia 2:150. $. 



Biology: Cole, 1953. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 28:243 (N. Mex.). —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 298-300. 

 emeryana emeryana Forel. Newfoundland s. to Ga., w. to Man., Idaho, Colo., Ariz. Ecology: 



Nests are usually in woodlands in moist, shady situations under stones or other objects. 

 Sometimes considered as a subspecies of the Palearctic M. schencki Emery. 

 Myrmica scabrinodis schencki var. emeryana Forel, 1914. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 617. 9,9, 



6. 

 Myrmica schencki latifrons Starcke, 1927. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 70:84. 9 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Psyche 59:114, 117 (larva). —Smith, 1954. Brooklyn 

 Ent. Soc, Bui. 49:138-140 9, 9 (worker, female; type - locality). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 7:233 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1915. Psyche 22:206. —Talbot, 1945. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 38:365-372 

 (population studies). — Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6:121. — Medler, 1958. Ent. Soc. 

 Wash., Proc. 60:258 (swarming). —Peterson and Davies, 1960. Canad. Jour. Zool. 38:15 

 (predation on Simulium; behavior). — Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 

 103-104. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 311-312, 314. 



