1352 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Geiius MANICA Jurine 



Manica Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt., p. 276. 



Type-species: Formica rubida Latreille. Desig. by Wheeler, 1911. 

 Aphaenogaster subg. Neomyrma Forel, 1914. Rev. Suisse Zool. 22:275. 



Type-species: Aphaenogaster {Neomyrma) calderoni Forel. Monotypic. 

 Myrmica subg. Oreomyrma Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:118. 



Type-species: Formica rubida Latreille. Orig. desig. 



Four of the five species in this genus are found in western North America, west of the hun- 

 dredth meridian; the other is Palearctic. Colonies are small and nests are usually found in 

 openings in coniferous forests commonly under stones in creek or river bottoms. For an excel- 

 lent account of each species, see Wheeler and Wheeler (1970). 



Revision: Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:118-122. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1970. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 43:129-162. 



Taxonomy: Weber, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40:439. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Psyche 

 59:123 (larvae). —Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 32:213 (key to males). —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 62:15 (larva). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of 

 N. Dak., pp. 108-110. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 7:234-236 (larvae). 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1970. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43:129-162. —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1970. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43:363 (additions to natural history of Manica). 

 —Went, Wheeler, and Wheeler, 1972. BioScience 22:82-88 (feeding and digestion). 



Morphology: Fales, et al., 1972. Jour. Ins. Physiol. 18: 1077-1088 (alarm pheromones derived 

 from the mandibular galnd). 



bradleyi (Wheeler). W. Nev., Calif. Ecology: Typically found in openings in coniferous forests 

 in the Sierra Nevada Mtns. of w. Nev. and Calif., and the Transverse Ranges in s. Calif. 

 Host of Manica parasitica (Creighton), but the exact relationship is not known. 



Myrmica bradleyi Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17:77. 5 . 



Aphaenogaster (Neomy-niia) calderoni Forel, 1914. Rev. Suisse de Zool. 22:275. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 32:210-212 (female, male). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 62:5-6 (larva). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 7:234-235 (larva). 



Biology: Creighton, 1934. Psyche 41:188-189. — Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 

 40:65. 

 hunteri (Wheeler). Alta., Mont., Wyo., Idaho, Utah, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: 

 Typically found in openings in coniferous forests. 

 Myrmica (Oreomyrma) hunteri Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:119, 121. 5. 

 Myrmica (Oreomyrma) aldrichi Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:119, 120. 5. 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1956. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 31:262. —Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 

 32:212-213 (male). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 7:235 (larva). 

 mutica (Emery). N. Dak., S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex. w. to Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. 

 Ecology: The most widely distributed ant of the genus in N. Amer. It is more 

 xerophilous and occurs in a greater variety of habitats. Host of the inquiline 

 Symmyrmica chamberlini Wheeler. 

 Myrmica mutica Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:311. 5. 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 32: 213 (male). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1960. 

 Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 62:5-6 (larva). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 

 7:235 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1904. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 20:6-7. —Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 

 432-434. —Cole, 1953. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 28:243. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 314-317. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak, pp. 109-110. 

 parasitica (Creighton). Calif. (Alpine Co.; Yosemite Nat. Pk, Mariposa Co.). Ecology: 

 Collections made from ants nests. Host: Manica bradleyi (AVheeler). 

 Myrmica (Manica) parasitica Creighton, 1934. Psyche 41:185. 5. 



