Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1367 



Revision: Mayr, 1870. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 20:979-989. — Mayr, 1887. Zool.-Bot. 

 Gesell. Wien, Verb. 37:582-608. —Emery, 1895. Zool. Jabrb., Abt. f. System. 8:288-297. 

 — Wbeeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:431-478. —Gregg, 1958. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 66:7-48 (key to and list of species). 



Taxonomy: Emery, 1921. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 174:77-111 (groups). —Wheeler and 

 Wbeeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Wasb., Proc. 55:70-80 (larvae). —Smith, 1953. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 61:143 (Ceratopheidole). — Creigbton and Gregg, 1955. Colo. Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser. 

 3:1-46. —Creigbton, 1957. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 65:203-212 (vasliti complex). —Cole, 1965. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58:173-175 {Epipheidole). —Brown, 1973. In Meggers, et al., 

 Tropical forest ecosystems in Afr. and S. Amer., pp. 178-185 (generic syn.). 



Biology: Weber, 1948. Ent. News 59:31-35 (food of larvae and adults). — Szlep-Fessel, 1970. 

 Insectes Sociaux 17:233-244 (regulatory mechanism in mass foraging and recruitment of 

 soldiers). 

 anastasii Emery. S. Fla.; Mexico, Central Amer. Probably introduced. Reported from 

 greenhouses in various parts of the East, but only established in southern Fla. 

 Pheidole anastasii Emery, 1896. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 28:76. 3, %. 



Taxonomy: Forel, 1901. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg Mitt. 18:78 (female). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1932. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 40:6. -Smith, 1933. Fla. Ent. 17:23. 



bahai (Forel). N. C. (Faisons). 



Tetramonum {Cephalomorium) bahai Forel, 1922. Rev. Suisse de Zool. 30:91. 5. 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1955. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 50:99 (correct taxonomic placement). 

 barbata Wheeler. W. Ariz., s. Nev., s.e. Calif. Ecology: In small crater nests in desert areas. 

 Pheidole barbata Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:448. 5 , %. 



Biology: MaUis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40:68. -Creigbton and Gregg, 1955. Colo. 

 Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser. 3:1-3. —Wbeeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, p. 75. 

 bicarinata bicarinata Mayr. Mich, to Tenn., w. to N. Dak., Wyo., Colo. Ecology: Found in 

 grasslands where nests are usually under objects. 



Pheidole bicarinata Mayr, 1870. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 20:982, 989. %. 

 Pheidole hayesi Smith, 1924. Ent. News 35:251. 5 , V. 



Biology: Hayes, 1925. Ent. News 36:42. —Talbot, 1934. Ecology 15:418, 420, 422. — Buren, 

 1944. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 18:286. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 

 126-127. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 408-409. 

 bicarinata longula Emery. N. Y., N. Dak., w. Tex., Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Nests may be in 

 sand or under stones. 

 Pheidole vinelandica var. longula Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:289, 292. 5, 

 %. 



Taxonomy: Wbeeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:453-454. —Cole, 1956. Tenn. Acad. 

 Sci., Jour. 31:112. —Gregg, 1958. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 65:37. 



Biology: Davis and Bequaert, 1922. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 17:9. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1963. Ants of N. Dak., p. 127. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 408, 410. 

 bicarinata paiute Gregg. Nev., s. Calif. Ecology: Nests are beneath stones or with craters. 

 Pheidole bicarinata paiute Gregg, 1958. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 66:17-18. 5, %. 



Biology: Cole, 1966. Brigbam Young Univ., Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7(3): 15. —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 80-81 

 bicarinata vinelandica Forel. N. Y. to Fla., w. to N. Dak, Utah, Ariz. Ecology: Nests in rotten 

 logs, exposed soil, or under objects in grassy areas. 

 Pheidole bicarinata race vinelandica Forel, 1886. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 30:45. ^,%, 9, 



6. 

 Pheidole vinelandica laemuscula Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:289, 292. 5, 



■u. 



Pheidole vinelandica buccalis Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:454. 9, ^, 9. 

 Pheidole vinelandica longula var. castanea Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 

 34:405. 5, %. Preocc. by Smith, 1858. 



