Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1443 



commerce. Sometimes found in northern states in greenhouses or other buildings. Crazy 



ant. 

 Formica longicomis Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat Fourmis, p. 113. 5. 

 Formica vagans Jerdon, 1851. Madras Jour. Lit. Sci. 17: 124. 5. 

 Formica gracilescens Nylander, 1856. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 5: 73. $ . 

 Paratrechina currens Motschulsky, 1863. See. Nat. Moscou, Bui. 36: 14. 5. 



Taxonomy: Bingham, 1903. Fauna of British India 2: 326-327 (each caste). —Smith, 1936. 

 Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agr. 20: 865, 869-870. —Wheeler and Wheeler 1953. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 46: 143 (larva). —Wilson and Taylor, 1967. Pacific Ins. Monog. 14: 87 

 (Polynesia). 



Biology: Marlatt, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bui. 740: 6-7. —Phillips, 1934. (Hawaii 

 Univ.) Expt. Sta. Pineapple Prod. Coop. Assoc. Bui. 15: 18-19 —Turner, 1940. Conn. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Bui. 434: 311-312. —Fox and Garcia-MoU, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 1065-1066. 

 —Brown, 1964. Ent. News 75: 14-15. —Smith, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1326, pp. 

 74-76 (economic importance). 



Genus PARATRECHINA Subgenus NYLANDERIA Emery 



Nylanderia Emery, 1906. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Anrt. 50: 134. 



Type-species: Formica vividula Nylander. Orig. desig. 



Members of this subgenus are in need of study. Existing keys are not adequate for species 

 identification, and a number of the names may be wrongly applied. Species determination has al- 

 ways been considered difficult and male genitalia are believed to offer help in separating spe- 

 cies. The segregates listed here are essentially as those proposed by Creighton, 1950. This sub- 

 genus is much better represented in the tropical regions of the world, and there are many tramp 

 species which make the taxonomy more confusing. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1950. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool, Bui. 104: 402-410. 

 Biology: Smith, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1326, pp. 76-77 (as house pests). 

 bourbonica (Forel). S. C, Fla.; Pantropical. Introduced. Probably native to tropical Asia and 

 spread by commerce to Indian and Pacific Oceans and to New World tropics. 

 Prenolejris nodifera bourbonica Forel, 1886. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 30: 210. $, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1950. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 104: 405 (a var. of 



bourbonica in U. S. ?). —Wilson and Taylor, 1967. Pacific Ins. Monog. 14: 87-89 (Polynesia). 



Biology: Smith, 1930. Fla. Ent. 14: 23-24. —Wheeler, 1932. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 40: 16. 

 bruesii (AVheeler). Fla., Ala. w. to Okla, Tex., Ariz. (?). 



Prenolepis bruesii Wheeler, 1903. Psyche 10: 106. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 211 (larva; Okla.; as 

 bruesi). 



Biology: Smith, 1924. Ent. News 35: 122. 

 fulva (Mayr). S. Tex. s. to Argentina. Sporadically in greenhouses as far north as N. J. 



Probably introduced. References to P. fulva pubens (Forel) from the U. S. pertain to 

 this species. 

 Prenolepis fulva Mayr, 1862. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 12: 698. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 636-637. —Creighton, 1950. Harvard 

 Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 104: 406-407. 



Biology: Marlatt, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bui. 740: 8-9. 

 melanderi arenivaga (Wheeler). N. J. s. to Fla. w. to Iowa, Tex., Calif. 



Prenolepis arenivaga Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21: 391. 9, <?. 

 Prenolepis {Nylanderia) arenivaga vsir. faisonensis Forel, 1922. Rev. Suisse de Zool. 30: 

 98. 5. 



Taxonomy: Buren, 1944. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 18: 295. —Harper, 1965. Calif. Dept. Agr. 

 Bui., Ann. Rpt. 45, 54: 81 (Calif, records). 



Biology: Smith, 1928. Ent. News 39: 278. 



