1448 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Biology: Cole, 1954. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 285 (as semirufa, in part). —Gregg, 1963. Ants 

 of Colo., pp. 653-655 (as semirufus, in part). 



semirufus Emery. S. Calif.; Mexico. 



Myrmecocystus melliger var. semirufus Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 667. 



5. 



Taxonomy: Snelling, 1969. Los Angeles Co. Mus., Contrib. Sci. 170: 4-6 (The species 



previously considered to be M. semirufus by Wheeler and subsequent authors must now 

 be known as M. kennedyi Cole.). 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 125-126 (misident. as 

 placodops Forel). 

 tenuinodis Snelling. S. Nev., s.w. Ariz., s. Calif.; Mexico. 



Myrmecocystus {Eremnocystus) tenuinodis Snelling, 1976. Nat. Hist. Mus. of Los Angeles 

 Co., Sci. Bui. 24: 107-110. 5,9. 

 testaceus Emery. Idaho, Utah, Wash. Oreg., Nev., Calif.; Mexico. 



Myrnnecocystus melliger var. testaceus Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 667. 



5. 

 Myrmecocystus m^xicanus mojave Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 360. 5 . 

 Myrmecocystus m^xicanus idahoensis Cole, 1936. Ent. News 47: 118. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1912. Psyche 19: 173, 179-181. —Snelling, 1969. Los Angeles Co. Mus., 

 Contrib. Sci. 170: 6. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 213 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, p. 349. —Leonard, 1911. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans. 1: 

 91-92. —Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 403. — Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., 

 Bui. 40: 81. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7: 22 (Nev. Test Site). 

 —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 126-127. 

 wheeleri Snelling. S. Calif. 



Myrmecocystus wheeleri Snelling, 1971. Los Angeles Co. Mus., Contrib. Sci. 214: 11-15. $, 

 9,6. 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, p. 127. 

 yuma Wheeler. W. Ariz., s. Nev., s. Calif.; Mexico. 



Myrmecocystus yuma Wheeler, 1912. Psyche 19: 174, 176. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1956. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1087: 1. 



Tribe FORMICINI 

 Genus FORMICA Linnaeus 



Formica Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 579. 



Type-species: Formica rufa Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1839. 

 Serviformica Forel, 1913. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 57: 361. 



Type-species: Formica fusca Linnaeus. Orig. desig. 

 Raptifarmica Forel, 1913. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 57: 361. 



Type-species: Formica sanguinea Latreille. Orig. desig. 

 Formica subg. Neoformica Wheeler, 1913. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ann. 23: 82. 



Type-species: Formica pallide-fulva Latreille. Desig. by Wheeler, 1913. 

 Coptoformica Mueller, 1923. Soc. Adriat. di Sci. Nat. Trieste, Bol. 28: 133. 



Type-species: Formica exsecta Nylander. Desig. by Donisthorpe, 1941. 

 Adformica Lomnicki, 1925. Polskie Pismo Ent. 3: 164. 



Type-species: Formica exsecta Nylander. Desig. by Donisthorpe, 1941. 



This is a large and complex holarctic genus, and the largest genus of ants in America north of 

 Mexico. Various habit patterns are found in this genus including slave-making, temporary social 

 parasitism of various types, and various methods of nest founding and nest construction. Sub- 

 genera are not recognized in the following listing, only species groups which more or less reflect 

 the groupings by Creighton (1950) and Buren (1968). Proformica, apparently a valid genus found 

 in Europe, is deleted from the North American fauna, and those species previously listed in that 



