Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1453 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1950. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 104: 532. — Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46: 164-165 (larva). —Yarrow, 1954. Soc. Brit. Ent., 

 Trans. 11: 229-244. — Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 189-201. 



Biology: King, 1949. Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc. 56: 367-370 (in mixed colony with Formica reflexa 

 Buren). —King, 1951. Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc. 58: 487-489. — Kannowski, 1959. Insectes 

 Sociaux 6: 141-142. — Wallis, 1960. Insectes Sociaux 7: 187-190 (spinning movements of 

 larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 264-268. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of 

 Colo., pp. 514-525. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7: 23 (Nev. Test 

 Site). 

 glacialis Wheeler. Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. Y. w. to Man., N. Dak., 111. Ecology: Found 

 in woods or open fields where it builds its nests in the soil and with a low mound 

 commonly covered with grass. This species has been confused with fusca L. in much of 

 the literature. 

 Formica fusca var. glacialis Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 624. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 151-161 (also ecology). 

 gnava Buckley. Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Found in desert 

 and semi-desert areas or oi)en woods where it nests in the soil, normally under rocks. 

 Formica gnava Buckley, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 156. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool, Bui. 53: 390, 518-521 (each 

 caste). —Cole, 1942. Amer. Midland Nat. 28: 377, 380, 383. —Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du 

 Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 238-245. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1902. Tex. Acad. Sci., Trans. 4: 20. —Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and 

 Sci., Proc. 52: 541, 550. —Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 388. — Mallis, 1941. South. 

 Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40: 86. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 539-541. 

 hewitti Wheeler. Que., Maine w. to B. C. s. to Minn., N. Mex., Utah, Calif. Ecology: Found in 

 open or semi-open woods and forests where it nests in the soil under rocks or in rotting 

 wood. 

 Formica hewitti Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 552. 5, 9, <5. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 208-215. 



Biology: Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 526-527. 

 lepida Wheeler. Calif. Has been found only in the north coastal region. 



Formica cinerea cinerea var. lepida Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 

 53: 399, 526. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 122-125. 

 longipilosa Francoeur. Calif. (Mendocino Co.). 



Formica longipilosa Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 125-128. 5 . 

 microphthalma Francoeur. Calif. Ecology: In mountains; may construct small crater nests in 

 the soU. 

 Formica microphthalma Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 201-207. 9, 



a. 



moki Wheeler. Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Ecology: Nests in soil under rocks; the nest is 



unmarked and the entrance is usually a hole near a bush or tree. Francoeur (1973) chose 

 to use the name occidua for this species because occidua has been used more in the 

 literature; however, the case has not been referred to the Commission. 



Formica moki Wheeler, 1906. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 22: 343. 5 . 



Formica rufibarbis var. occidentalis Wheeler, 1910. Ants, p. 570. Nomen nudum. Preocc. 

 by Buckley, 1866. 



Formica rufibarbis var. occidua Wheeler, 1912. Psyche 19: 90. Nomen nudum. N. name for 

 occidentalis Wheeler. 



Formica rufibarbis var. occidun Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. ZooL, Bui. 53: 

 398,517. 5, 9. 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 582-583. —Cole, 1943. Amer. Midland Nat. 

 29: 183. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7: 24-25 (male, also 



