Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1455 



pilicomis Emery. Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Found at low elevations in the coast ranges north to 

 the San Francisco area; makes crater or mound nests in sandy soil, sometimes under 

 rocks. 

 Formica pilicomis Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 646, 664. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 74-80. 



Biology: Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 401. — Eckert and Mallis, 1937. Calif. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Cir. 342: 7, 29. —Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40: 85. 

 podzolica Francoeur. N. S., Que. w. to Alaska s. to Pa., Wis., Iowa, S. Dak., N. Mex., Ariz., 



Calif. Ecology: A species of the boreal and alpine forests of North America. Nests are 

 in the soil, commonly sandy soil on beaches or shores and are craterUke or moundlike. 

 Has been confused with F. fusca L. in the literature. 

 Formica podzolica Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 167-172. 5, 9, S. 

 sibylla Wheeler. Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: Makes crater nests in the soil, usually in 

 woodlands. 

 Formica sibylla Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 53: 399, 530. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 263-268. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 551. —Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. 

 Acad Sci., Bui. 40: 87. 



subelongata Francoeur. Calif. (Bumey Junction, Shasta Co.). 



Formica subelongata Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 268-270. 5 . 

 subpolita Mayr. B. C, Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: Usually found in semi-desert 



areas where it nests in sandy or gravelly soil; nests may be craterlike or moundlike. 

 Fcrrmica fusca var. subpolita Mayr, 1886. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 36: 426. 5,9. 

 Formica rufiventris Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 665. 6 . Preocc. by 



Fabricius, 1804. 

 Formica flam,m,iventrls Wheeler, 1912. Psyche 19: 90. N. name for rufiventris Emery. 

 Formica subpolita var. cam,ponoticeps Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., 



Bui. 53: 399, 535. 5 . 

 Formica subpolita var. ficticia Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool, Bui. 53: 



561. 5, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 106-115. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 201, 460. —Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 



52: 553-554. —Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40: 87. —Cole, 1942. Amer. 



Midland Nat. 28: 384, 377. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., Sci. BuL, Biol. Ser. 7: 26 



(Nev. Test Site). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, p. 129. 

 subsericea Say. N. B., Que. s. to Fla. w. to Man., Mont., Iowa, Kans., Mo., Miss. Ecology: 

 Occurs in open deciduous woodlands where it nests in the soil under stones or leaf 

 litter; sometimes builds low mounds which may be covered with debris. This species has 

 been confused with F. fusca L. in the literature. 



Formica subsericea Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 289. 5, d. 



Formica lecontei Kennedy and Dennis, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 542. 5, 9, S. 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 172-181. 

 Biology: Kennedy and Dennis, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 542. —Wilson and Francoeur, 

 1974. Fla. Ent. 57: 115-116 (Fla.). 

 transmontanis Francoeur. Alta., B. C, Mont., Idaho, Calif. 



Formica transmontanis Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 135-140. 5, 

 9,6. 

 xerophila Smith. Wash., Utah, Ariz., Calif. 



Formica (Neoformica) moki xerophila Smith, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 583. 5 . 

 Formica moki grundmanni Cole, 1943. Amer. Midland Nat. 29: 184. 9 . 



Taxonomy: Francoeur, 1973. Soc. Ent. du Quebec, Mem. no. 3, pp. 259-263. 



