Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1459 



Biology: Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 6-7. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo. pp. 

 557-560. 

 integ^oides integroides Emery. Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Inhabits open woods in the 

 coastal mountains and west slopes of the Cascades and Sierras where it nests under 

 logs and stumps banked with plant debris. 

 Formica rufa obscuriventris var. integroides Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 



644, 649. 5 . 

 Formica truncicola integra var. subcaviceps Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc. 52:540. 5, cJ. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 53: 393, 394, 438-439. 

 —Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 6-7. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 537. —Miller, 1957. Insectes 

 Sociaux 4: 253. 

 integroides planipilis Creighton. N. Dak., Colo., Nev. Ecology: Found in grasslands and open 

 forests; nests are frequently started at bases of plants and extensive use is made of 

 thatching; completed nests are moundlike. 

 Formica rufa planipilis Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 7, 9. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1956. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 31: 259 (female). 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants, of N. Dak., pp. 248-249. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of 

 Colo., pp. 560-561. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7: 23 (Nev. Test 

 Site). 

 integroides propinqua Wheeler. Colo., Utah, Wash., Calif. Ecology: Found on the east slopes 

 of the Cascades and Sierras in Wash, and Calif.; inhabits forests where nests are 

 started under logs and stumps and considerable use is made of thatching. 

 Formica truncicola integroides var. propinqiui Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc. 52:538. $. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 6-7. —Cole, 1956. Tenn. Acad. Sci., 

 Jour. 31: 267-259 (female, male). 



Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40: 88. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 562-564. 

 integroides subfasciata Wheeler. Calif. (Mill Creek Canyon, Wilson Peak, 7500 ft., San 

 Bernardino Mtns.). 

 Formica truncicola integroides var. subfasciata Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc. 52:539. $. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 7. — Brovra, 1965. Ent. News 76: 

 185 (possible syn. of integroides Emery). 

 laeviceps Creighton. N. Dak., S. Dak., Colo., Utah. Ecology: Nests mostly in open areas under 

 stones and logs which are banked vnth little debris. 

 Formica rufa laeviceps Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1055: 7, 9. 5, 9. 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1942. Amer. Midland Nat. 28: 377, 380 (also biological notes). 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 239-240. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of 

 Colo., pp. 564-565. 

 lugubris Zetterstedt. Que.; Europe. Ecology: Populous colonies are found in large mound nests 

 of thatch and debris in open forests. Introduced into Valcartier, Quebec in 1971 from 

 Italy for use as a predator of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd. It 

 is apparently established in Quebec. 

 Formica lugubris Zetterstedt, 1840. Ins. Lapponica, v. 1, p. 449. 6. 



Taxonomy: Yarrow, 1955. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 12: 5, 10 (synonymy, also biological notes). 



Biology: Pavan, 1959. Min. deU' Agr. e delle For. [Italy] 4: 5 (in Italy). — Pavan, 1963. Pavia 

 Univ. Symp. Genet, et Biol. Ital. 11: 61-84 (use to protect alpine forests against insect 

 damage). —Pavan, 1963. Pavia Univ. Symp. Genet, et Biol. Ital. 12: 122-131 (reconstruction 

 of nest). — Klimetzek, 1970. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 66: 84-95 (environmental factors and 



