Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1415 



Subfamily DOLICHODERINAE 



A small subfamily with most Nearctic representatives found in the southern portion of the 

 United States. Most species are small, drab-colored insects and are recognized by the single seg- 

 mented pedicel, lack of a constriction between the first and second gastric segments, and the 

 slitlike cloacal orifice. 



Taxonomy: Starcke, 1933. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 76: XXVI-XXXII (larvae). —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1951. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 169-210 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1966. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 726-732 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1974 (1973). 

 Pan-Pacific Ent. 49: 396-401 (larvae). 



Morphology: Eisner, 1957. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 116: 453-464 

 (proventriculus; use as a generic character). 



Tribe DOLICHODERINI 



Genus DOLICHODERUS Lund 



Brown (1973) listed Monads Roger, 1862, Diabolus Karavaiev, 1926, Diceratoclinea Wheeler, 

 1935, and Karawajewella Donisthorpe, 1944 as synonyms of Dolichoderus and Hypoclinea Mayr, 

 1855, and Acanthoclinea Wheeler, 1935 as provisional synonyms. Because of the doubt as to the 

 exact status of some of the genera, subgeneric groupings are used as in some previous North 

 American literature until the genus has been adequately studied. 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1973. In Meggers, et al.. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Afr. and S. 

 Amer., pp. 178-185 (generic syn.). 



Genus DOLICHODERUS Subgenus DOLICHODERUS Lund 



Dolichodenis Lund, 1831. Ann. des Sci. Nat, Zool. 23: 130. 



Type-species: Formica attelahovdes Fabricius. Monotypic. 



Not known to occur in the Nearctic Region. 



Genus DOLICHODERUS Subgenus HYPOCLINEA Mayr 



Hypoclinea Mayr, 1855. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 5: 377. 



Type-species: Formica quadrijmnctatxi Linnaeus. Desig. by Wheeler, 1911. 



In North America, this subgenus is found only in the eastern half of the continent. Colonies 

 are smaU to moderately large and nests are constructed in the soil, in curled leaves and hollow 

 stems of plants, and in cartons attached to plants. Workers attend honeydew-excreting insects 

 and feed on small arthropods. Some forms emit a fluid which has a peculiar smoky or pungent 

 odor. 



Revision: Mayr, 1870. Zool.-Bot. GeseU. Wien, Verh. 20: 953-960. —Mayr, 1886. Zool.-Bot. 

 Gesell. Wien, Verh. 36: 434-437. —Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21: 305-319. 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1950. Wasmann Jour. Biol. 8: 249. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1951. Ent. Soc. 

 Wash., Proc. 53: 172 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 

 726-730 Oarvae). 



Biology: Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6: 129-134 (flight comparisons of some spp.). 

 — Torossian, 1960. Insectes Sociaux 7: 383-393 (biology of D. qtuidripunctatus (L.)). 



Morphology: Torossian, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6: 369-374 (tropholactic and proctodeal 

 exchange in D. qtuidripunctatus (L.)). 

 mariae Forel. Mass. to Ga., w. to Minn., 111., Okla., La. Ecology: Nests of the rather large 



colonies are found in the soil, preferably sand, beneath tufts of grass or smaU bushes. 

 Dolichodenis Mariae Forel, 1884. Soc. Vaud. des Sci. Nat., Bui. 20: 349. 5 . 

 Dolichoderus mariae davisi Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21: 306, 308. 5. 

 Dolichodenis (Hypoclinea) mariae var. blatchleyi Wheeler, 1917. Ind. Acad. Sci., Proc. 26: 

 462. 5. 



