Superfamily VESPOIDEA 1513 



confused with perplexus Cr. in the past. Some of the parasite-predator records and 

 biological references listed here may actually refer to the latter species. 



Vespa Carolina Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, v. 1 (pt. 2), p. 948. 6. 



Polistes rubiginosa Lepeletier, 1836. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. v. 1, p. 524. S. 



Biology: Girault, 1907. Canad. Ent. 39: 355-356 (as predator). — Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp 

 Studies Afield, pp. 280-283 (prey forage, hibernation). —Rau, 1929. Ent. News 40: 7-13 

 (behavior female, male at end of season). —Rau, 1931. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 26: 115-116 

 (nest). —Rau, 1931. Psyche 38: 129-144, 6 figs, (nesting habits, pleometrosis). —Wilson, 

 1933. Fla. Entomologist 17: 12 (as predator). — O'Byrne, 1938. Ent. News 49: 288-289 (nest 

 site). 

 comanchus comanchus Saussure. Southwestern Tex.; Mexico (Coahuila, Durango). 



Polistes comanchus Saussure, 1857. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (3) 5: 314. 

 comanchus navajoe Cresson. Western Tex. to Ariz.; Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, 

 Sinaloa). Ecology: Nests in cavities having very small openings. 

 Polistes navajoe Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 383. 9. 

 dorsalis californicus Bohart. Calif., Ariz.; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Sinaloa). Parasite: 

 Xenos peckii Kby. 

 Polistes hunteri californicus Bohart, 1949. Pan-Pacific Ent. 25: 101. 6,9. 

 dorsalis dorsalis (Fabricius). Va. to Fla., west to Colo., Okla., Tex., N. Mex. south to Honduras. 

 Ecology: Nests in shrubbery and beneath eaves. Parasite: Xenos peckii Kby. 

 Vespa dorsalis Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 367. 9. 

 Polistes fuscatus hunteri Bequaert, 1940. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 23. 9, <J. 



Taxonomy: van der Vecht, 1970. K. Nederland. Akad. van Wetensch., Proc, Ser. C, 71: 23 

 (identity of Fabrician type). 



Biology: Spieth, 1948. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 56: 155-169 (nest, life history). —Hermann, 

 Gerling and Dirks, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 203-204 (hibernation). 

 exclamans arizonensis Snelling. Ariz., Calif.; Mexico (Sonora). 



Polistes exlamans arizonensis Snelling, 1954. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 152. 9, 6. 



Biology: Hopkins, 1955. Jour. Econ. Ent. 48: 161-163 — Fye, 1972. Envir. Ent. 1: 55-57 (colony 



manipulation). 

 exclamans bahamensis Bequaert and Salt. La. to Fla.; Bahamas. 



Polistes bahamensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 34: 794. 9, 5, d. 



Polistes exclamans louisianus Bequaert, 1940. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 14. 9. 

 exclamans exclamans Viereck. N. J. to Fla., west to Nebr., Colo., and Tex.; Mexico (Nuevo 



Leon, Coahuila). Ecology: Nests are usually in sheltered sites, frequently under eaves or 

 roofs. Parasite: Sarcophaga polistensis Hall, S. sp.; Pachysomoides stupidus (Cr.), P. 

 fulvus (Cr.); Elasmus polistis Burks; Monodontomerus minor (Ratz.). Prey: Arctiidae 

 sp.; Anisota senatoria (Sm.); Hesperiidae sp.; Heterocampa sp.; Alabama argillacea 

 (Hbn.), Autographa spp., Feltia subterranea (F.), Heliothis zea (Boddie), Laphygma 

 frugiperda (Sm.), Plathypena scabra (F.), Prodenia prob. oniithogalli Guen.; Colias 

 philodice eury theme Bdv.; Loxostege similalis (Guen.); Protoparce sexta (Johan.); 

 usually obtained from herbaceous vegetation in open fields. Predator: Dicymolomia 

 pegasalis (Wlkr.), Chalcoela iphitalis Wlkr. 



Polistes exclamans Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 201. 9. 



Taxonomy: Snelling, 1955. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1701: 5-6 (synonymy). — Eickwort, 1969. 

 Evolution 23: 391-405 (variation between sexes and castes). 



Biology: Rau, 1943. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 36: 525-526, figs. 7-9 (nest). — Hodapp and Bickley, 

 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 73 (autumnal swarming). —West, 1968. Psyche 75: 118-123 

 (distribution, nest founding). —Eickwort, 1969. Insectes Sociaux 16: 67-72 (caste separation 

 female, worker). —Lin, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 148-155 (male territoriality). 



— Hermann, Gerling and Dirks, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 203-204 (hibernation). 



— Hermann and Dirks, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 1-8 (smearing on nest by sternal 

 glands). —Hermann, Barron and Dalton, 1975. Ent. News 86: 173-178 (nest founding 

 behavior in spring). 



