1464 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Formica adamsi var. alpina Wheeler, 1909. Mich. Geol. Survey, Bui. 5: 327. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 53: 395, 475. —Wheeler, 

 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 544. 



Biology: Cole, 1954. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 165-166. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 593-596 (also description of female). 

 whymperi califomica Wheeler. Mont., Idaho., Wash. s. to Calif. 



Formica microgyria califomica Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 543. 



Formica microgyria califomica var. hybrida Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 



Proc. 52:543. 5. 

 whymperi whymperi Forel. Mont. w. to B. C, Wash. Ecology: Nests under stones and logs 



which it banks with plant debris. Host: Formica neoclara Emery. 

 FoTnnica rufa obscuripes var. whymperi Forel, 1904. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 48: 152. 5 . 

 Formica microgyria rasilis var. pullula Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., 



Bui. 53:562. 5, 9. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 53: 392, 434. —Wheeler, 

 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52: 544 (also biological notes). 



Species Group Sanguinea 



Members of this subgenus are social parasites. Nest founding females forceably enter small 

 colonies of the host species and kill or drive off the host workers before rearing the host brood 

 for her own use. Hosts are other species of Formica. Some species are known to regularly con- 

 duct slave raids, a habit unknown in other Formica species. 



Taxonomy: WUson and Brown, 1955. Psyche 62: 108-129. — Buren, 1968. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 

 3: 25-40 (key to spp.). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 458^70. — Creighton, 1950. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., Bui. 104: 460-461. 

 creightoni Buren. Mich., IlL, Iowa. Host: Formica neogagates Emery. 



Formica (Raptiformica) creightoni Buren, 1968. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 3: 35-36. $ . 

 curiosa Creighton. B. C, Mont., Idaho, Oreg. Host: Formica lasioides Emery, F. manni 

 Wheeler. 

 Formica curiosa Creighton, 1935. Amer. Mus. Novitates 773: 5. 2 , 9 . 

 Formica parcipappa Cole, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 36: 616. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wilson and Brown, 1955. Psyche 62: 123-125. —Buren, 1968. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 

 3: 32-33. — Snelling, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 194-196 (syn. of parcipappa; biological 

 notes). 

 emeryi Wheeler. Colo. (Bradmoor, Colorado Springs). Host: Formica neogagates Emery. 



Formica emeryi Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 53: 389, 419. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Wilson and Brown, 1955. Psyche 62: 118 (a syn. of subnuda). — Gregg, 1963. 

 Ants of Colo., pp. 606-608 (valid sp.). —Buren, 1968. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 3: 34-35 (valid sp.). 

 pergandei Emery. Que., N. H. s. to N. C. w. to N. Dak., S. Dak., Iowa, Colo. Host: Formica 

 fusca L., F. pallidefulva Latreille (?). 

 Formica pergandei Emery, 1893. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 7: 643, 646. $ . 

 Formica sanguinea rubicunda var. subluxnda Wheeler, 1913. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. 

 Zool., Bui. 53: 390, 408. 9, 9. 



Taxonomy: Buren, 1968. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 3: 28-29. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1901. Amer. Nat. 35: 722. —Gregg, 1946. Amer. Midland Nat. 35: 752. 

 —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 219-220. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., 

 pp. 622-623. — Regnier and Wilson, 1971. Science 172: 267-269 (chemical communication). 

 —Hung, 1973. Ent. News 84: 253-259 (reproductive biology). — Finnegan, 1973. Canad. 

 Ent. 105: 441-444 (diurnal foraging activity; as sublucida). 



