1470 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



The species, which are all rare, are usually collected in association with Eriogonum and 

 generally on dry hillsides. 



Revision: Bohart, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 149-154. 



Taxonomy: Bequaert, 1928. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10)2: 146 (generic syn.). —Bohart, 



1938. Pan-Pacific Ent. 14: 136-139 (synopsis). — Torchio, 1970. Los Angeles Co. Mus., 



Contrib. Sci. 202: 24-25, figs. 30-33 (larva). 

 boregoensis Bohart. Calif, (southeastern); desert species. Lower Sonoran Zone. 



Euparagia boregoensis Bohart, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 152. 6,9. 

 desertorum Bohart. Calif.; desert species. Lower Sonoran Zone. 



Euparagia desertorum Bohart, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 151. S, 9. 

 platiniceps Bohart. Calif.; desert species, Lower Sonoran Zone. 



Euparagia platiniceps Bohart, 1938. Pan-Pacific Ent. 14: 138. 6. 

 richardsi Bohart, n. name. Tex., n. Mex., Ariz. 



Psiloglossa simplicipes Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 357. 9. Preocc. in Euparagia. 

 scutellaris Cresson. Calif.; Transition Zone. Prey: Ceutorhynchus sp.; Anthonomus sp. Makes 

 shallow burrows in hard ground, topped with slender curved chimneys, burrows ending 

 in one or more cells provisioned with weevil larvae. 



Euparagia scutellaris Cresson, 1879. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. (Ent. Sect.) 6: vi. S, 9. 



Biology: Williams, 1927. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4: 38-39 (nest and prey). —Clement and Grissell, 

 1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 34-37 (nest and prey). 

 timberlakei Bohart. Calif., Nev., Ariz.; desert species, L. Sonor. Zone. 

 Euparagia timberlakei Bohart, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 150. 3, 9. 



Subfamily MASARINAE 



Pseudomasaris is the only masarine genus occurring in North America. 



Genus PSEUDOMASARIS Ashmead 



Pseudomasaris Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 221. 



Type-species: Masaris occidentalis Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 Toryna Bradley, 1922. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1: 407. 



Type-species: Masaris vespoides Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 Holopticus Bradley, 1922. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1: 408. 



Type-species: Masaris texanus Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 Cotyledon Bradley, 1922. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1: 408. 



Type-species: Masaris edwardsii Cresson. Orig. desig. 



Nests are made of sand and mud, or mud alone, and are built on the upper or lower surfaces of 

 stones or on twigs. Typically, they occur in clumps, and are provisioned with pollen and nectar. 

 It appears that earlier flower records indicating that Pseudomasaris species are polytropic, 

 visiting a wide range of flowers, may be erroneous. More recent investigations suggest that at 

 least some of the species are oligotropic, visiting only a small number of closely related plants 

 for pollen and nectar. 



Revision: Richards, 1963. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 27: 283-310, 3 pis., 26 text figs. 



Taxonomy: Richards, 1962. Revisional study of masarid wasps, pp. 276-281, figs. 236-241 (key 

 to spp., generic synonymy). —Richards, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 35: 47-55 

 (revised key). 



Biology: Cooper and Bequaert, 1951 (1950). Psyche 57: 137-142 (flower visiting records). 

 —Cooper, 1952. Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 103-110 (oligotropy, flower visiting records). 

 —Torchio, 1970. Los Angeles Co. Mus., Contrib. Sci. 202: 25-27 (nests). 

 basirufus Rohwer. Ariz., Calif. Pollen: Phacelia crenulata, P. pachyphylla. 



Pseudomasaris zonalis basirufus Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 452. 9. 

 Pseudomasaris bariscipus Bradley, 1922. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1: 418. cJ. 



Taxonomy: Richards, 1963. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 27: 299 (synonymy). 



