1472 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



vespoides (Cresson). Wash, to S. Dak. south to Calif, and N. Mex. in Transition and U. Sonoran 

 Zones; Mexico (Baja California). Ecology: Builds nest of hard mud with 1-13 cells placed 

 vertically with tops in a straight line, or occasionally of sandy material on twigs. Pollen: 

 Penstemon secundiflorus, P.heterophyllus P. alpimis, P. unilateralis, P. azurea, P. 

 glaber, P. comarrhenus, P. payetensis, p. cyaneus, P. venustus, P. spectabiUs, P. laetiis, 

 P. lyalli, P. attenuahis, P. gracilis, P. sp.; Salvia carduacea; Ranunculus sp.; 

 Platystemon califoniicum; Clarkia sp.; Nama parryi; Phacelia sp.; Aster sp., thistle. 



Masaris vespoides Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 287. S, 9. 



Pseudomasaris vespoides robertsoni Cockerell, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 107. 9. 



Biology: Cockerell, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 107 (nest on stem). —Davidson, 1913. 

 South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 12: 17-18 (nests on rocks and stems). —Hicks, 1927. Canad. 

 Ent. 59: 75-79 (nests on rock). —Hicks, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 123-125 (behavior on flowers, 

 nests on rocks and plant stems). —Cooper, 1952. Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 103-110 

 (vespoides probably oligolectic on Penstemon spp.). — Torchio, 1970. Los Angeles Co. Mus., 

 Contrib. Sci. 202: 21, fig. 24 (nest on peach twig). —Torchio, 1974. Pan-Pacific Ent. 50: 

 226-234, 1 fig. (pollination mechanism in Pensternon). 

 wheeleri Bequaert. Calif, in Transition and U. Sonoran Zones; Mexico (Baja California). Pollen: 

 Eriodictyon tomentosum, E. crassifolium, E. califortiicum, E. trichocalyx var. lanatum, 

 E. sp.; Penstemon spectabiUs, P. sp.; Yucca sp.; Hyptis emoryi; Larrea glutinosa; 

 Peucepliyliuyn schotti. 

 Pseudoynasaris wheeleri Bequaert, 1929. Psyche 36: 61. 6, 9. 

 zonalis (Cresson). B. C, Wash, to Mont, and Nebr., south to Calif, and Colo, in Transition, 

 Canadian and Hudsonian Zones. Ecology: Nest of 4 cells beneath rock overhang, the 

 entrance upward, the cells of sandy matrix covered with hard mud. Parasite: Chrysnra 

 densa (Cr.). Pollen: Phacelia heterophylla, P.frigida, P. hastata, P. kumilis, P. 

 neynoralis, P. sp.; Besseya plantaginea; Raiiunciilus sp.; Ceayiothus parviflorus; 

 Penstemon sp.; Arnica sp., Encelia farinosa, Grindelia sp. 

 Masaris zonalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 674. 3,9. 

 Pseudomasaris zonalis albopictus Bohart, 1950. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 78. 6, 9. 



Taxonomy: Richards, 1963. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 27: 292 (synonymy). 



Biology: Parker, 1967. Pan-Pacific Ent. 43: 215-216, fig. c (nest). 



Family EUMENIDAE 



The arrangement of genera adopted here is that used by van der Vecht and Fischer for the 

 Palaearctic fauna with interpolation in the appropriate position of the genera restricted to North 

 America or to the New World. 



Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 203-210 (key to genera). — Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 10: 364-366 (synopsis of N. Amer. spp.). —Bohart, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 

 97-98 (key to Odynerus, sens. lat. subgenera). —Bohart, 1965. Pan-Pacific Ent. 41: 107-113 

 (status of spp. described by Cameron). —Parker, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 5: 

 173-174 (key to genera), —van der Vecht and Fischer, 1972. Hym. Cat. 8: 1-199 

 (Palaearctic spp.). —Goodpasture, 1974. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 47: 364-372, 9 figs, (use of 

 chromosomes in classification). 



Biology: Krombein, 1961. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 51: 89-93, 6 figs, (symbiosis between 

 saproglyphid mites and eumenid wasps). —Cooper, 1967 (1966). Psyche 73: 238-250, 11 figs, 

 (egg hatch, number of instars, adult emergence from nest). 



Subfamily EUMENINAE 



Genus ODYNERUS Latreille 



Genus ODYNERUS Subgenus ODYNERUS Latreille 



Odynerus Latreille, 1802-1803. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., v. 3, p. 362. 



Type-species: Vespa spinipes Linnaeus. Desig. by Shuckard, 1837. 

 Odynera Illiger, 1807. Mag. Insektenk. 6: 196. Emend. 



