Superfamily VESPOIDEA 1473 



Epipone Kirby and Spence, 1815. Introduct. to Ent., v. 1, p. 349. Preocc. 



Type-species: Vespa spinipes Linnaeus. Monotypic. 

 Oplopus Wesmael, 1836. Acad. Sci. Belg., Bui. 3: 45. Preocc. 



Type-species: Vespa spinipes Linnaeus. Desig. by Girard, 1879. 

 Oplomems Westwood, 1840. Introduct. Mod. Class. Ins., v. 2 (Synopsis), p. 84. N. name. 

 Hoplonierus Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. ZooL, Index Univ., p. 185. Emend. 

 Hoplopus Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. ZooL, Index Univ., p. 186. Preocc. Emend. 

 Epiponus Saussure, 1875. Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 254: 363. 



Type-species: Odynerus dilectns Saussure. Monotypic. 

 Euepipona Dalla Torre, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 19, p. 39. 



Type-species: Vespa spinipes Linnaeus. Desig. by Richards, 1937. 



The nests are usually made in the ground but 0. erythrogaster utilizes twigs of elderberry 

 (Sambucus). 



Revision: Bohart, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 76-84 (N. Amer. spp.) 



Taxonomy: Richards and van der Vecht, 1968. Ent. Ber. 28: 196 (type-species of Odynerus). 

 cinnabarinus Bohart. Calif., Ariz., Utah, Tex. in U. Sonor. Zone. 



Odynerus cinnabarinus Bohart, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 83. S, 9. 

 dilectus Saussure. N. Y., Minn., Mont., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Calif., Wash., Oreg., Alaska, Alta. 

 in Canadian Zone. Ecology: Nests in ground burrows topped by erect turrets fashioned 

 of mud pellets. Prey: Hypera postica (Gyll.), H. punctata F., larvae; caterpillars. 

 Odynerus (EpipoJia) dilectus Saussure, 1870. Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 22: 141. 6. 



Biology: Linsley and Michener, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 27 (nest, prey). 

 erythrogaster Bohart. Calif, in U. Sonor. and Transit. Zones; Mexico (Baja California). 

 Ecology: Nests in Sambucus twigs. Parasite: Sarcophagidae sp.; Spliaeropthalma 

 (Plwtopsis) sp. Predator: Trichodes oniatus Say. 

 Monobia bicolor Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 421. 9. 



Preocc. in Odynerus. 

 Odynerus erythrogaster Bohart, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 81. S, 9. N. name. 



Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 3 (nest, parasites, predator). 

 margaretellus Rohwer. Colo., Oreg., Wash. 



Odynerus margaretellus Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 242. 6,9. 



Genus PTEROCHEILUS Klug 



The species are all ground nesting so far as is known and carry earth from their nests in 

 "baskets" formed by the long, fringed labial palpi. Caterpillars are used in provisioning. 



Revision: Bohart, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 162-208. 



Taxonomy: van der Vecht, 1966. Ent. Ber. 26: 161-162 (type-species of Pterocheilus and 

 Nannopterocheilus). 



Genus PTEROCHEILUS Subgenus PTEROCHEILUS Klug 



Pterocheilus Klug, 1805. Beitr. z. Naturkunde, v. 1, p. 143. 



Type-species: Vespa phalerata Panzer. Desig. by Blanchard, 1840. 

 Nannopterocheilus Bluethgen, 1961. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abhandl. 1961: 62. 



Type-species: Vespa phalerata Panzer. Orig. desig. 



The typical subgenus does not occur in the New World. 



Genus PTEROCHEILUS Subgenus MEGAPTEROCHEILUS Bohart 



Pterocheilus subg. Megapterocheilus Bohart, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 173. 

 Type-species: Pterochilus mirandus Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 This subgenus may be a synonym of Cephalochilus Bluethgen, 1939, which van der Vecht con- 

 siders to be of generic rank. Bohart noted that the Palaearctic grand is Lep. might belong to 

 Megapterocheilus; it is the type-species of Cephalochilus. 



