1388 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:430. —Wheeler, 1917. Conn. State 

 Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:584 (each caste). — Wheeler and Wheeler, 1955. Amer. 

 Midland Nat. 54:134-135 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21:377-378. — McColloch and Hayes, 

 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9:23-38. —Hayes, 1920. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 7:1-54. 

 — Eckert and Mallis, 1937. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 342:21-22. — Metcalf and Flint, 1939. 

 Destructive and Useful Insects, p. 770. —Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40:72. 

 — Macnamara, 1945. Canad. Ent. 77:40. — Grundmann and Peterson, 1953. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 26:59. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 136-138. —Gregg, 1963. 

 Ants of Colo., pp. 372-375. — Ayre, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95:712-715 (feeding habits). —Smith, 

 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1326:43^5 (economic importance). — Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 91-92. 

 pergandei Forel. Va. s. to Fla., w. to La. Ecology: Nests have been found in soil in rotting 

 stumps, and next to nests of other ants. 

 Solenopsis pergandei Forel, 1901. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 45:343. $, 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1931. Ent. News 42:20. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., 

 Proc. 62:21-22 (larva). 



Biology: Smith, 1931. Ent. News 42:20. —Smith, 1944. Fla. Ent. 27:15. 

 picta Emery. S. C. s. to Fla., w. to Tex. Ecology: Nests have been found in hollow twigs. 

 Solenopsis tenuis Mayr, 1886. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 36:262. 5 . Preocc. by Mayr, 



1877. 

 Solenopsis picta Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:278. $ . 

 Solenopsis picta var. moerens Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 34:393. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44:211. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1960. Ent. 

 Soc. Wash., Proc. 62:22 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1932. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 40:10. 

 pilosula Wheeler. Tex. (Alice). 



Solenopsis pilosula Wheeler, 1908. Am6r. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:426. 5 , d . 

 richteri Forel. Miss., Ala.; S. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. Ecology: A mound building ant with 

 similar habits and importance of invicta Buren. May have been more widespread in U. 

 S. until the introduction of invicta which may have replaced richteH in many localities. 

 Introduced, probably originating from southern S. Amer.; first recorded from Mobile, 

 Ala. in 1930 but may have been present there for 10 to 12 years. Black imported fire 

 ant. Until 1972, the imported fire ant had been known under one name, S. saevissima 

 richteri Forel; consequently, it is difficult to determine to which species, either invicta 

 or richteri, much of the earlier literature pertains. For a bibliography of the "imported 

 fire ant" through 1971, see U. S. Dept. Agr., Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt., 1971, Sept., 21 (36): 

 639-652, as well as the list of references given under invicta. 

 Solenopsis Pylades var. Richteri Forel, 1909. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 267. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1930. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 66:87 (first U. S. record). 

 —Wilson, 1951. Evolution 5:68-79. — WUson, 1952. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Mem. 50:49-68. 

 —Wilson, 1953. Evolution 7:262-263 (origin of variation). —Brown, 1957. Quart. Rev. Biol. 

 32:258-261. —Wilson and Brown, 1958. Evolution 12:211-218 (morphological changes in 

 introduced population). — Buren, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc., Jour. 7:4-8 (two species of imported 

 fire ants). 



Biology: Green, 1952. Jour. Econ. Ent. 45:593-597 (biology and control in Miss.). — Green, 

 1967. Miss. State Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 737, 23 pp. 

 salina Wheeler. W. Tex., Colo. w. to CaUf.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests under rocks and wood; 

 lestobiotic. 

 Solenopsis salina Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24:427. 5 . 



Biology: Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 376-378. 

 tennesseensis Smith. Fla., Tenn., Miss., Tex., Kans., Calif, (nr. Azusa). 



Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) longiceps Smith, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44:210. $ . 

 Preocc. by Forel, 1907. 



