1392 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Type-species: Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. Orig. desig. 



These small ants nest in small colonies, commonly in preformed cavities under bark, hollow 

 twigs, dried grass stems, old galls, or empty nut shells. A few may be found under rocks or in 

 the soil. Some species are lestobiotic, nesting near the nests of other ants, and others may be du- 

 lotic. 



Revision: Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:317-318, 320-323. —Wheeler, 1903. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 55:215, 224, 232-256. 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1950. Psyche 57:29. —Smith, 1952. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 60:96-106 

 (tricaririatus - texanus complex). —Brown, 1955. Ent. News 66:43. — Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48:22-25 (larvae). —Cole, 1956. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 

 31:30-31 (tricarinatus - texanics complex). — Cole, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51:535-538 

 (nitens - carinatus complex). — Wheeler and Wheeler, 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 62:23 

 (larvae). 

 ambiguus ambiguus Emery. Que. to Va., w. to N. Dak., S. Dak., Iowa, Nebr. Ecology: Nests in 



soil in woodlands and grasslands or in hollow dead grass stems near the soil. 

 Leptothorax (Leptothorax) curvispinosus ambiguus Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. 



System. 8:317, 320. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:588-589. 

 — Wesson and Wesson, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24:97 (each caste). — Creighton, 1950. 

 Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 104:261-262. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1955. Ent. 

 Soc. Amer., Ann. 48:22-23 (larva). 



Biology: Sturtevant, 1925. Psyche 32:314. — Buren, 1944. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 18:287. 

 — Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6:124, 150-151, 155 (parasitism; pleometrosis). 

 —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak., pp. 140-141. 

 ambig^uus foveatus Smith. 111. (Plainfield). Ecology: Found in nest of a species of 

 Aphaenogaster in a roadside ditch. 

 Leptothorax foveata Smith, 1934. Psyche 41:211. 5. 

 ambigruus pinetorum Wesson and Wesson. Ohio (Jackson Co.). 



Leptothorax ambiguus var. pinetorum Wesson and Wesson, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 

 24:97. 5, 9, 6. 

 andrei Emery. N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Calif. Ecology: Nests have been found imder stones. 



Leptothorax (Leptothorax) andrei Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:318, 322. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51:537-538 (each caste). 



Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40:73. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants 

 of Deep Canyon, p. 95. 

 bradleyi Wheeler. Ga., Ala., Fla. Ecology: Colonies found in galleries in bark. 

 Leptothorax bradleyi Wheeler, 1913. Psyche 20:113. 5. 



Taxonomy: Wilson, 1952. Ent. News 63:68-71 (each caste). 

 carinatus Cole. W. Tex., Ariz. Ecology: Nests were found beneath stones. 



Leptothorax (Leptothorax) carinatus Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 32:213-215. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51:537-538. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. 

 Psyche 80: 70-71 (semipupa). 

 curvispinosus Mayr. Maine s. to Fla., w. to Iowa, Kans., Okla., Tex., Ariz. Ecology: Nests in 

 plant cavities such as hollow stems, twigs, and in acorns. Enslaved by Leptothorax 

 duloticus Wesson and Harpagoxenus americanu^ (Emery). 

 Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr, 1866. Akad. der Wien, Math.-Nat. KL, Sitzber. 53:508. 5. 

 Stenamma gallarum Patton, 1879. Amer. Nat. 13:126. 5,9. 



Taxonomy: Mayr, 1886. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 36:451, 453 (worker, female). —Cole, 

 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24:56-57. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21:385. —Dennis, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., 

 Ann. 31:289, 305. — Headley, 1943. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 36:743-753 (population studies). 



