Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1393 



—Talbot, 1957. Ecology 38:449-456 (populations). — Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 

 6:124. —Wilson and Pagan, 1974. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 82: 106-112 (estimation of total 

 behavioral repertories). 

 furunculus Wheeler. Wyo., Colo. 



Leptothorax furunculus Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17:82. 9. 



Biology: Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 381-382. 

 gallae Smith. Calif. Ecology: Commonly found on the canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis, 

 often in twig galls made by cynipids. 

 Leptothorax (Leptothorax) gallae Smith, 1949. Psyche 56:112. 9. 

 hispidus Cole. W. Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests were found under stones at higher elevations. 

 Leptothorax (Leptothorax) hispidus Cole, 1957. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 32:42-45. 2,9. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Psyche 80: 71 (immatures). 

 longrispinosus Roger. Que., Ont. s. to Ga., Ala. w. to Iowa. Ecology: Nests in plant cavities such 

 as hollow stems, twigs, and in acorns. Enslaved by Leptothorax duloticus Wesson and 

 Harpagoxenus americayius (Emery). 

 Leptothorax longispinostts Roger, 1863. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 7:180. 5. 

 Leptothorax (Leptothorax) longispinosus laeviceps Buren, 1944. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 



18:286. 5. 

 Leptothorax longispinosus iowensis Buren, 1945. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 47:288. N. name 

 for laeviceps, thought to be preocc. by leviceps Emery, 1898. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1917. Conn. State (Jeol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:588. —Cole, 1940. 

 Amer. Midland Nat. 24:56-57. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48:24 

 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 212, 222, 495, 504. —Dennis, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 

 31:274, 289, 305. — Headley, 1943. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 36:743-753 (population studies). 

 —Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6:125. — Lettendre and Pilon, 1972. Nat. Canad. 

 99:73-82 (ecology; in Que.). 

 mariposa Wheeler. Calif. (Yosemite Natl. Pk.). Ecology: Colonies were found under stones. 

 Leptothorax nitens var. mariposa Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52:507. 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51:536. 



Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40:73-74. 

 minutissimus Smith. D. C. The type series of several females was associated with L. 

 curvispinosu^ workers, but the exact relationship is not known. 

 Leptothorax minutissimus Smith, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44:59. 9 . 

 nevadensis eldoradensis Wheeler. Calif. (Coastal Range and lower elevations of the Sierras). 

 Leptothorax eldoradensis Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 34:414. 0. 



Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., BuL 40:73. 

 nevadensis melanderi Wheeler. W. Mont, to e. Wash. 



Leptothorax melanderi Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 17:81. $ . 

 nevadensis nevadensis Wheeler. Wash., Oreg., Calif. (Eastern slopes of Sierras north to 

 Cascade Mtns.). Ecology: Nests in soil, usually under stones. 

 Leptothorax nevadensis Wheeler, 1903. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 55:224, 252. 5, 9, d. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 17:81. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Psyche 

 80: 71 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 95-96 (subspecies not 

 recognized). 

 nevadensis rudis Wheeler. Nev., Calif. (Sierras from Lake Tahoe to Sequoia Park). 



Leptothorax nevadensis rudis Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 52:508. 5 , 

 9. 

 Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 40:73. —Cole, 1966. Brigham Young Univ., 

 Sci. Bui., Biol. Ser. 7:17. 



