Superfamily VESPOIDEA 1505 



Ancistrocenis sutteranus (!) Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 123. 



Taxonomy: Goodpasture, 1974. Kans. Ent. See, Jour. 47: 364-372, figs. 5, 6, 9 (chromosome 

 number). 



Biology: Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 285 (nest). 

 tuberculocephalus tuberculocephalus (Saussure). S. Dak., Wyo., Utah, Colo., Ariz., N. Mex., 

 western Tex.; Mexico in temperate regions south to Federal District. Ecology: Nests in 

 borings in wood and Sambucus, and in abandoned mud-dauber nests. Parasite: 

 Bombyliidae sp.; Chrysis inflata Aar. Prey: Gelechiidae sp. Predator: Cleridae sp., larva. 

 Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) tuberculocephalus Saussure, 1852. Etudes sur la famille des 



Vespides, v. 1, p. 122. cJ, 9. 

 Odynerus tuberculiceps Saussure, 1853. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 1, (errata). 

 Emend. 



Biology: Rau, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 593 (nest). — Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting 

 wasps and bees, pp. 102-104 (nest, prey, life history, associates). —Parker and Bohart, 

 1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 2 (nest). 

 unifasciatus seminole Bequaert. Fla. 



Ayicistrocerus U7iifasciatus seminole Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 282. 9. 

 unifasciatus unifasciatus (Saussure). Southern Canada and eastern U. S. west to Ont., Mich., 

 Iowa, Kans. and Tex. Ecology: Nests in abandoned mud-dauber nests. 

 Odynerus (Aiicistrocer^s) unifasciatus Saussure, 1852. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, 

 V. 1, p. 121. 9. 



Biology: Rau and Rau, 1913. Ent. News 24: 396-397 (nest). 

 waldenii excavatus Bequaert. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif., Mont., Wyo., Colo., Ariz. Ecology: 

 Builds mud nests on rocks. 

 Ancistrocerus waldenii excavatus Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 244. 6,9. 



Biology: Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 246 (nest). 

 waldenii flavidulus Bequaert. Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Builds mud nests on rocks. Prey: Larvae 

 of Cnephasia longana (Haw.), Archips argyrospilus Wlkr. 

 Ancistrocerus waldenii flavidulus Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 246. d, 9. 



Biology: Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 247 (nest). —Richards, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent. 

 38: 145-146 (prey). 

 waldenii waldenii (Viereck). Alaska, Canada and U. S. south to Idaho, Wyo., N. Mex. (high 

 mountains), Colo., S. Dak., Ill, Mich., Va. Ecology: Builds free mud nests on walls or 

 rocks, or in cavities in mortar. 

 Odynerus waldonii (!) Viereck, 1906. Ent. News 17: 304. 9. 

 Odynerus waldenii Viereck, 1906. Ent. News 17: 350. Emend. 



Biology: Bequaert, 1943. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 243 (nest). —Morris, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 500 

 (nest). 



Genus SYMMORPHUS Wesmael 

 Genus SYMMORPHUS Subgenus SYMMORPHUS Wesmael 



Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836. Acad. Sci. Belg., Bui. 3: 45. 



Type-species: Vespa elegans Wesmael. Desig. by Richards, 1935. 

 Odynerus subg. Protodynerus Saussure, 1855. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 3, p. 

 186. N. name for Symmorphus. 



Only the typical subgenus occurs in North America. So far as is known, the American species 

 nest in pre-existing cavities in twigs, stems, logs and structural lumber; a few European species 

 are also known to nest in abandoned burrows of other wasps or bees in banks or mud walls. Par- 

 titions between cells are made of mud. Probably most of the North American species prey upon 

 externally feeding chrysomelid larvae, but canadensis (Sauss.) is unique in that it preys upon 

 leaf-mining coleopterous and lepidopterous larvae. 



Revision: Saussure, 1875. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 254: 151-157. 



