1508 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Biology: Linsley, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 153 (sleeping habits). 

 iturbide pedalis Fox. B. C, Wash., Idaho, Mont., Wyo., Colo., Utah, Calif.; Mexico (Baja 

 California). 

 Eumenes pedalis Fox, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2) 4: 109. 6,9. 

 Eumenes crassicomis Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 362. 6. 

 Eumenes pachygaster Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 362. 9. 

 scuUeni Bohart. Nev., Utah. 



Eumenes sculleni Bohart, 1950. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 78. S, 9. 

 smithii americanus Saussure. Colo., Nebr., Kans., Mo., Ark., Okla., Tex.; Mexico (Michoacan, 

 Guadalajara). Prey: Geometridae larvae. 

 Eumenes americanus Saussure, 1852. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 1, p. 39. 9 . 

 Eumenes belfragei Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 232. 6,9. 

 Eumenes brunneus Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 348. 6. Preocc. 



Biology: Hartman, 1913. Jour. Anim. Behavior 3: 353-360, 7 figs, (nest building, prey, life 

 history). 

 smithii smithii Saussure. N. C, Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss. 



Eumenes Smithii Saussure, 1852. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 1, p. 43. 6, 9. 



Biology: Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 350 (nest). 

 verticalis coloradensis Cresson. Western U. S. and Canada (except Oreg., Calif.) east to Sask., 

 S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex.; Mexico. 

 Eumenes coloradensis Cresson, 1875. Rpt. Geog. Geol. Expl. and Survey west of 100th 



Meridian, v. 5, p. 717. cJ, 9. 

 Eumenes {Alpha) cruciferonim Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 388. 6,9. 

 Eumenes {Alpha) enigmatus Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 389. 6. 

 Eumenes stenogaster Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 353. 6,9. 

 Eumenes enigmaticus (!) Bequaert, 1938. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 33: 69. 

 verticalis neoboreus Bequaert. Que., Ont., Alta., B. C. 



Eumenes verticalis neoboreus Bequaert, 1944. Nat. Canad. 71: 87. 6, 9. 

 verticalis tricinctus Isely. Alta., Idaho, Utah, Nev., Oreg., Calif., Ariz.; Mexico (Baja 

 California). 

 Eumenes tricinctus Isely, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 361. 9. 



verticalis verticalis Say. Ont., Man., north, and east. U. S. south to N. C, Mo. and west to N. 

 Dak., S. Dak. 

 Eumenes verticalis Say, 1824. hi Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 346. 



Subfamily ZETHINAE 



Tribe ZETHINI 



There are only four genera in this tribe. Zethus is primarily Neotropical with a few species 

 entering the Nearctic Region. The other genera are Australian. 



Genus ZETHUS Fabricius 



The genus is primarily Neotropical in distribution, but it occurs also in the Nearctic, Oriental 

 and Ethiopian Regions. Very little is known of the biology of the North American species. 

 Overall, the species range from the more primitive solitary taxa which nest in abandoned 

 borings of other insects to subsocial species in which several females build a common nest of 

 vegetable matter and resin, and feed their larvae progressively with lepidopterous larvae. 



Revision: Bohart and Stange, 1965. Univ. Calif., Pubs. Ent. 40: 1-208, 354 figs. (New World 

 spp.). 



Taxonomy: Porter, 1975. Fla. Ent. 58: 303-306, 5 figs, (key to U. S. spp.). 

 Genus ZETHUS Subgenus ZETHUS Fabricius 



Zethus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, pp. xii, 282. 



Type-species: Vespa coeruleopennis Fabricius. Desig. by Ashmead, 1902. 



