1356 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Species Group Maricopa 



califomicus (Buckley). W. Tex., s. N. Mex., s. Utah., Ariz., Nev., s. Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: 

 Nests are surmounted by a circular or semicircular crater of loose sand and have a 

 single entrance. California harvester ant. 



Myrmica califomica Buckley, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6:336. 5 . 



Pogonomyrmex badius var. estebanitcs Pergande, 1893. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4:33. 5,9. 



Pogonomyrmex califomicus longinodis Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:311. 

 5. 



Pogonomyrmex califomicus nitratus Cook, 1953. The Ants of Calif., pp. 99-100, 3 figs. 5. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 188-190, 200-201, 284-286, 290-291. — Essig, 1926. Ins. of 

 West. N. Amer., p. 861. —Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27:399. — Michener, 1942. Sci. 

 Monthly 55:248-258 (history and behavior of a colony). — Michener, 1960. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 33:46 (treetop mating habit). — McCluskey, 1969. Amer. Zool. 9:566 (flights). 

 — Erickson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65:57-61 (mark-recapture techniques for 

 population estimates). — Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon pp. 53-60. 

 — Whitford and Ettershank, 1975. Environ. Ent. 4: 689-696 (factors affecting foraging 

 activity). 



Morphology: Shapley, 1921. Natl. Acad. Sci., Proc. 6:687-690 (pterergates). — Tullock, 1930. 

 Psyche 37:61-70. 

 Comanche Wheeler. Southwest. Ark., w. La., s. Kans., Okla., e. Tex. Ecology: Nests are in 



sandy areas in close proximity to post-oak groves and each is marked by a crescentric 

 or circular crater of sand or sandy soil 3 inches to 2 feet in diameter with a single 

 entrance. 

 Pogonom.yrmex occidentalis com,anche Wheeler, 1902. Psyche 9:392. 5 . 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 201, 284-285, 292. — Strandtnuinn, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., 

 Ann. 38:140. 

 magnacanthus Cole. S. Nev., w. Ariz., s. Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests are in loose, sandy soil 

 of open deserts with a circular, shallow crater 4 to 6 inches in diameter. 

 Pogonomyrmex (Pogonomyrmex) magnacanUvus Cole, 1968. Pogonomyrmex Harvester 

 Ants, pp. 133-137. 5, 9, d. 



Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 60-61. 

 maricopa Wheeler. W. Tex., s. Colo., N. Mex., s. Utah., s. Nev., Ariz., s.e. Calif.; Mexico. 

 Ecology: Nests and habits are similar to those of P. califomicus. 

 Pogonomyrmex califomictLS maricopa Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:155. 5,9. 

 Pogonomyrmex califomicus bamesi Smith, 1929. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 22:546. 5 . 

 Pogonomyrmex califomicus sinaloanus Olsen, 1934. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 Bui. 77:504. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1954. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29:120. 



Biology: Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27:399. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 326-328. 

 — Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 61-62. 



Species Group Badius 



badius (Latreille). N. C, S. C, Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La. Ecology: Nests are in sand or sandy 

 soil usually in open woodlands and grassy fields; they construct single or multiple, 

 flattened, circular sand craters or dome-shaped sand mounds with depressed tops. The 

 only species of Pogonomyrmex found east of the Mississippi River and the only N. 

 Amer. polymorphic species. Florida harvester ant. 



Formica badia Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat. Fourmis, p. 238. 5,9. 



Myrmica transversa Smith, 1858. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. 6:129. 5. 



Atta crudelis Smith, 1858. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. 6:170. 5,9. 



Myrmica brevipennis Smith, 1858. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. 6:130. 6. A questionable syn. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 62:2 Oarva). 



