Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1357 



Biology: Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21:384-385. —Turner, 1909. Biol. Bui. 

 17:161-170. —Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 131, 152, 201, 280, 283-285, 292. — Wray, 1938. Ent. 

 Soc. Amer., Ann. 31:196-200. —Van Pelt, 1953. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 28:164-168. —Van 

 Pelt, 1958. Amer. Midland Nat. 59:11-12. —Carter, 1%2. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 

 78:172. — GoUey and Gentry, 1964. Ecology 45:217-225. — Hangartner, Reichson, and 

 Wilson, 1970. Animal Behavior 18:331-334 (orientation to nest material). — Gentry and 

 Carlson, 1970. Assoc. Southeast. Biol., Bui. 17:44 (formation and early development). 

 — Holldobler and Wilson, 1970. Psyche 77:385-399 (recruitment trails). — HoUdobler, 1971. 

 Science 171:1149-1151 (homing). — Nickle and Neal, 1972. Fla. Ent. 55:65-66 (foraging 

 behavior). —Morrill, 1972. Fla. Ent. 55:59-60 (tool using behavior). —Morrill, 1975. Ga. Ent. 

 Soc, Jour. 10: 50-51 (a predator, Apiomerus crassipes crassipes (F.) (Reduviidae)). 



Morphology: Wilson, Durlach, and Roth, 1958. Psyche 65:108-114 (chemical releasers of 

 necrophoric behavior). — Wilson, 1958. Psyche 65:41-51 (chemical releasers of alarm and 

 digging behavior). — Hermann and Blum, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60:661-668 

 (morphology and histology of poison apparatus). — Blum and Hermann, 1969. Ga. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 4:23-28 (poison gland, functions of the main glandular elements). 



Unplaced Taxon of Pogonomyrmex Subgentus Pogonomyrmex 



Pogonomyrmex {Pogonomyrmex) califomicus var. Hindleyi Forel, 1914. Soc. Vaud. des Sci. 

 Nat., Bui. 50:270. 9. Calif. (Escondido). 



Genus POGONOMYRMEX Subgenus EPHEBOMYRMEX Wheeler 



Pogonom,yrmex subg. Ephebom-yrmex Wheeler, 1902. Psyche 9:390. 



Type-species: Pogonomyrmex naegelii Forel. Desig. by Wheeler, 1911. 



Biology: Creighton, 1956. Psyche 63:54-56. 

 huachucanus Wheeler. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Nests are in stony soil, sometimes under 

 stones, in the open exposed to the sun; there is little or no excavated soil. 

 Pogonomyrmex hitachucanns Wheeler, 1914. Psyche 21:151. 5. 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1952. Psyche 59:76-81 (each caste). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. 

 Ent. Soc, Jour. 7:237 (larva). 



Biology: Cole, 1954. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 26:119. 

 imberbiculus Wheeler. Southwest. Okla., central and w. Tex., s.w. Colo., N. Mex., s. Ariz., s. 

 Nev., s. Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests are in open or under stones, sometimes with a 

 small crater. 

 Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902. Amer. Nat. 36:87, 97. 5 . 

 Pogonxymyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) townsendi Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17:80. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1956. Psyche 63:63-64 9. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Psyche 59:111 

 (larva). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 7:237 Oarva). 



Biology: Wheejer, 1910. Ants, pp. 283-284, 290, 292. -Wheeler, 1917. Psyche 24:178-179. 

 —Creighton, 1956. Psyche 63:54-56. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 334-336. —Wheeler 

 and Wheeler, 1973. Ants of Deep Canyon, pp. 63-64. 

 pima Wheeler. S. Ariz.; Mexico. Ecology: Habits are similar to those of P. imberbiculus. 

 Pogonomyrmex (Ephebomyrmex) pima Wheeler, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17:79. 5. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, p. 283. —Cole, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27:399-400. 

 —Creighton, 1956. Psyche 63:61. 



Tribe PHEIDOLINI 



Genus STENAMMA Westwood 



Stenamma Westwood, 1840. Introduct. Mod. Class. Ins., Sup. 2:83. 



Type-species: Stenamma westwoodii Westwood. Monotypic. 

 Asemorhoptrum Mayr, 1861. Die Europaischen Formiciden, p. 76. 



Type-species: Myrmica lippula Nylander. Monotypic. 

 Theryella Santschi, 1921. Soc d'Hist. Nat. I'Afrique de Nord, Bui. 12:68. 



