1362 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



patruelis Forel. Calif. (Coastal Islands); Mexico (Lower Calif., Guadeloupe Is., St. Nicholas Is.). 

 Aphaenogaster patnielis Forel, 1886. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 30:41. $ . 

 Stenamma (Aphaeiiogaster) patruelis bakeri Wheeler, 1904. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 



20:270. 5. 

 Aphaenogaster patruelis willowsi Wheeler, 1933. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. 21:64. 5. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1934. Pan-Pacific Ent. 10:133. 



rudis picea (Emery). N. S. s. to N. C. Ecology: Habits are similar to rudis rudis (Emery), but 

 rudis picea is normally found at higher elevations. Temporary host of A. tennesseensis 

 (Mayr). 

 Stenamma {Aphaenogaster) fulvum aquia var. piceum. Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. 

 System. 8:305. 5, 9, J. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 55:57-60 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 195, 282, 447-448, 453. —Dennis, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., 

 Ann. 31:286-287, 305. —Wesson and Wesson, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24:94. — Haskins, 

 1960. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 68:66-67 (longevity of fertile females). 

 rudis rudis (Emery). Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Wyo., Colo. Ecology: A common and highly 



adaptable species, nesting in soil, under stones or logs, in decaying wood, leaf litter, 

 hollow stems of plants, or under bark at bases of trees. Food consists of insects, seeds, 

 and pollen of ground nesting bees. Host of temporary ant parasite Aphaenogaster 

 tennesseensis (Mayr). 

 Stenamma {Aphaenogaster) fulva aquia var. nuie Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. 

 System. 8:305. 5, 9. . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 55:56 (larva). 



Biology: Wesson and Wesson, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24:90, 94. —Talbot, 1951. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 44:302-307. — Brovm, 1958. Psyche 65:39-40 (nest raided by Formica 

 subintegra Emery). —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 340-342. — Bobb, 1965, Jour. Econ 

 Ent. 58:925 (predator of Neodiprion pratti pratti (Dyar)). —Smith, 1965. U. S. Dept., Agr., 

 Tech. Bui. 1326:21-22. 



Morphology: (Jotwald, 1969. N. Y. (ComeU) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 408:99-112 (mouthparts). 

 subterranea occidentalis (Emery). B. C. s. to Nev., Calif. A. subterranea subterranea 

 (Latreille) occurs in the Mediterranean region and central Europe. 

 Stenam,ma {Aphaenogaster) subterraneum occidentale Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. 



System. 8:301. $ . 

 Aphaenogaster subterranea borealis Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 34:412. 5 . 

 Aphaenogaster subterranea valida var. manni Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc. 52:516. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Cole, 1942. Amer. Midland Nat. 28:363. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. 

 Wash., Proc. 55:61 (larva). 



Biology: Mallis, 1941. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., BuL 40:7. — Bruniquel, 1970. Insectes Sociaux 

 17:245-252 (biology of A. subterranea in Europe). 

 subterranea valida Wheeler. S. Dak. to B. C, s. to Colo., Utah. Ecology: Prefers to nest under 

 stones in moist, shady foothill canyons. Intergrades in northern part of range with 

 subsp. occidentalis. 

 Aphaenogaster subterranea valida Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 34:411. 9, 

 9,6. 



Biology: Gregg, 1947. Colo. Univ., Studies (ser. D) 2:393. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 

 342-344. 



tennesseensis (Mayr). Que., Ont. s. to Fla., w. to Minn., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Okla. Ecology: In 

 early stages of colony formation, probably a temporary parasite in ground nests of other 

 Aphaenogaster species. Lives in ground nests only when females occur in nests of rudis 

 and picea, otherwise it is exclusively a wood nesting ant. Host: Aphaenogaster fulva 

 Roger, A. rudis picea (Emery), A. rudis rudis (Emery). 



Atta Tenneseensis (!) Mayr, 1862. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 12:743. 9. 



Atta laevis Mayr, 1862. Zool.-Bot. GeselL Wien, Verh. 12:743. 9. 



