1398 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



provancheri Emery. Que., Maine w. to Alta., N. Dak., Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Apparently an 



inquiline, found in nests of Myrmica incompleta incompleta Provancher and M. 



lobicomis fracticomis Emery. 

 Leptothorax (Leptothorax) provancheri Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8:317, 



320. 5. 

 Leptothorax emersoni Wheeler, 1901. Amer. Nat. 35:433. $ , 9 , cJ . 

 Leptothorax emersoni glacialis Wheeler, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., Bui. (n. s.) 5:71. 5,9, 



<J. 

 Leptothorax (Mychothorax) emersoni hirtipilis Wheeler, 1917. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 



Proc. 52:515. $ . 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1903. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 55:223, 229. —Cole, 1954. Tenn. Acad. 

 Sci., Jour. 29:241. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1973. Psyche 80: 73-74 (larva). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., Bui. (n. s.) 5:78-83. —Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 

 107, 393, 434-436. —Wheeler, 1901. Amer. Nat. 35:436-438. —Wheeler, 1903. Jour. Psychol, 

 and Neurol. 2:1-21. — Kannowski, 1957. PsycRe 64:1-5. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. Ants 

 of N. Dak., pp. 146-148. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 404-407. 



Genus SYMMYRMICA Wheeler 



Symmyrmica Wheeler, 1904. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 20:1, 3. 



Type-species: Symmyrmica chamberlini Wheeler. Monotypic. 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1973. In Meggers ei al.. Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Afr. and S. 

 Amer., p. 185 (possible syn. of Leptothorax). 

 chamberlini Wheeler. Utah, Oreg. Ecology: An inquiline in nest of Manica m,utica (Emery). 

 Symmyrmica chamberlini Wheeler, 1904. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 20:5. 5,9, apterous 

 ergatoid 6. 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 432-434. —Wheeler, 1919. Amer. Phil. Soc., Proc. 58:22. 



Genus HARPAGOXENUS Forel 



Tomognathus Mayr, 1861. Die Europaischen Formiciden, pp. 29, 56. Preocc. by Dixon, 

 1850. 



Type-sf>ecies: Myrmica sublaeiris Nylander. Monotypic. 

 Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Ann. 37:167. N. name for Tomognathus. 

 Protomognathus Wheeler, 1905. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 21:3. 



Type-sp)ecies: Tomognathus americanus Emery. Monotypic. 



Ants of this genus are dulotic, enslaving and conducting raids on colonies of certain species of 

 Leptothorax. There is a single European species. 



Revision: Smith, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41:165-172. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48:26-28 (larvae). 

 americanus (Emery). Mass., Ont. s. to N. C, w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Enslaves Leptothorax 

 curvispinosus Mayr and L. longispinosus Roger. 

 Tomognathus americanus Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System 8: 272 3 . 



Taxonomy: Creighton, 1927. Psyche 34:28 (male). —Smith, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 

 41:166-168 (each caste). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48:26-27 

 (larva). 



Biology: Sturtevant, 1927. Psyche 34:1-9. —Creighton, 1927. Psyche 34:11-29. —Creighton, 

 1923. Psyche 36:48-50. —Wesson, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 65:97-122. 

 canadensis Smith. N. S., Que., Maine w. to Mich., Minn. Ecology: Enslaves Leptothorax 

 muscorum (Nylander). Apparently closely related to the Palearctic H. sublaevis 

 (Nylander) and like that form has ergatoid females in addition to normal workers and 

 females. 

 Harpagoxenus canadensis Smith, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41:168. 9, ergatoid 9. 



Taxonomy: Gregg, 1945. Canad. Ent. 77:74-76. 



