1588 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



mexicana (Saussure). West. States and Provinces; Mexico. 



Annuophila mexicana Saussure, 1867. Reise d. Novara, ZooL, v. 2, Hym., p. 25. S, 9. 

 mickeli Murray. West. Provinces and States to Minn. 



Podalonia mickeli Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 68. 6, 9. 

 occidentalis Murray. Alta., West. States. Prey: Tent-caterpillar. 



Podalonia occidentalis Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 54. 6, 9. 



Biology: Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 13 (prey). 

 parallela Murray. Calif. 



Podalonia parallela Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 65. S, 9. 



pubescens Murray. Tex. to Ariz.; Mexico. 



Podalonia pubescens Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 47. 6, 9. 

 puncta Murray. Kans., Colo., Okla., Tex., N. Mex. 



Podalonia puncta Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 36. 6, 9. 

 robusta (Cresson). Transcont. in Canada and U. S., as far north as N. W. T. and Yukon; south 

 to Costa Rica. Prey: Acronyctinae sp. ? 



Amnwphila robusta Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 461. 9. 



Biology: Krombein, 1936. Ent. News 47: 93-99 (nest, prey; misdet. as violaceipennis). 

 sericea Murray. West. Provinces and States east to the Dakotas, very rare to Mich. Ecology: 

 Nests along dirt road. Prey: Zale lunata (Dru.), Homoptera salicis Behr., Noctuidae sp. 

 Podalonia sericea Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 57. 6, 9. 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 240-241, figs. 5, 8 (larva; misdet. as 

 robusta). 



Biology: Hicks, 1933. Pan-Pacific Ent. 9: 49-52 (prey; misdet. as violaceipennis). —Evans, 

 1963. Ent. News 74: 237, fig. 4 (nest, prey; misdet. as robusta). —Evans, 1970. Mus. 

 Compar. Zool., Bui. 40: 485, fig. 18 (nest, prey). 

 sonorensis (Cameron). Alta., U. S. west of 100th meridian; Mexico. 



Annuophila sonorensis Cameron, 1888. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 21. S, 9. 

 Podalonia sonorensis differentia Murray, 1940. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 20: 33. 6, 9. 

 valida (Cresson). West. Provinces and States east to Minn. Ecology: Nests in bare or densely 

 vegetated soil, makes cluster of unicellular nests in a restricted site, digs burrow before 

 hunting prey. Parasite: Bombyliidae sp. probably Ligura or Exoprosopa. Prey: 

 Estigmene acraea (Dru.). 

 Ammophila valida Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 461. 9. 

 Ammophila grossa Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 209. 9. 



Biology: Steiner, 1974. Pan-Pacific Ent. 50: 73-77, 1 fig. (prey hunting and transport). 

 — Steiner, 1975. Quaestiones Ent. 11: 113-127, 6 figs, (female territorial behavior, nest, 

 prey, parasite). 

 violaceipennis (Lepeletier). East. States west to Colo. Ecology: Nests in sand or heavier soil. 

 Parasite: Pseudoxenos luctuosae (Pierce); Hilarella sp. Prey: Symmerista albifrons S. 

 and A., Noctuidae sp. 

 Ammophila violaceipennis Lepeletier, 1845. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 3, p. 370. 9. 

 Ammophila cementaria Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 224. 9. 



Biology: Parker, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 70-77 (nest, prey, parasite, life cycle). 

 — Balduf, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 137-138 (prey). 



Genus EREMNOPHILA Menke 



Ammophila subg. Eremnopkila Menke, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 875. 

 Type-species: Ammophila opulenta Guerin. Orig. desig. 

 aureonotata (Cameron). Southern Canada and U. S. east of 100th meridian, south to El 



Salvador. Ecology: Nests in sand or hard-packed loam, the burrow vertical, terminating 

 in a horizontal cell provisioned with a single caterpillar. Parasite: Pseudoxenos lugubris 

 (Pierce). Prey: Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlkr.), H. sp.; Hesperiidae sp. 

 Ammophila aureonotata Cameron, 1888. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 7. 9, 6. 



