1642 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Paracerainiits Koreensis Radoszkowski, 1887. See. Ent. Rossica, Horae 21: 433, figs. 1-3. 

 9. N. syn. (K. V. Krombein). 

 Taxonomy: Krombein, 1958. Ent. News 69: 166-167. -Sheldon, 1968. Psyche 75: 111-114, figs. 



5-10 (egg, larva, cocoon). 

 Biology: Krombein, 1958. Ent. News 69: 167 (nest, cocoon). —Sheldon, 1968. Psyche 75: 



107-111, figs. 1-4 (nest, prey transport). 



Genus TRYPOXYLON Latreille 



Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796. Precis Caract. Gen. Ins., p. 121. No species. 



Type-species: Trypoxylon figulus Linnaeus. First included species. 

 Tripoxylon Spinola, 1806. Insectorum Liguriae, v. 1, p. 65. Lapsus or emend. 

 Apius Panzer, 1806. Krit. Rev. Insektenf. Deutschlands, v. 2, p. 106. 



Type-species: Sphex figulus Linnaeus. Monotypic. 

 Apius Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt., p. 140. Preocc. 



Type-species: Sphex figulus Fabricius. Desig. by Morice and Durrant, 1915. 

 Trypoxilon Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt., pp. 2, 141. Lapsus or emend. 

 Trypoxylum Agassiz, 1847. Nomencl. Zool., p. 380. Emend. 

 Trypoxylum Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 212. Emend. Preocc. 



Trypoxylon subg. Asaconoton Arnold, 1959. South. Rhodesia Natl. Mus., Occas. Papers, no. 

 23, B, p. 322. 



Type-species: Trypoxylon (Asaconoton) egregium Arnold. Orig. desig. 



Sandhouse (1940) is the most reliable source for identification of North American species for 

 Richards (1934) does not include all of our species. The revisions cited below include the species 

 of both Trypoxylon and Trypargilum which are considered herein to be separate genera. 



Most species of Trypoxylon nest in pre-existing cavities such as hollow stems or twigs, aban- 

 doned beetle borings in dead wood or structural timber, or, rarely, in soil. The Species Group 

 Fabricator is unusual in that some species build free mud cells whereas others nest in 

 pre-existing cavities in wood or soil. The preferred prey of the North American species are 

 small spiders, usually immatures, belonging to several families of snare-builders, but errant 

 spiders are used occasionally; as few as 4 and as many as 20 spiders may be stored in a single 

 cell. Trypoxylon males do not participate in some of the nesting activities as do those belonging 

 to Trypargilum; there is one report of a male usually being present in the nest of an extralimital 

 species of the Fabricator Group, but this needs confirmation. The cocoons of our North Amer- 

 ican species are delicate silken structures except in johnsoni which constructs a brittle cocoon 

 incorporating sand from the cell partition. 



Revision: Fox, 1891. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 18: 136-148, 1 pi. (N. Amer. spp.). —Fox, 1893. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 45: 472-474 (revised key to N. Amer. spp.). —Richards, 1934. 

 Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 82: 173-362, 56 text figs., 5 pis. (New World spp.). 

 —Sandhouse, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 133-176, 4 pis. (N. Amer. spp.). 



Species Group Figulus 



Members of Species Group Fabricator are included here. 



aldrichi Sandhouse. Alta., Mont, and Wyo. west to B. C. and north. Calif. Ecology: Nests in 

 borings in trap stems. Predator: Philanthus zebratus nitens (Bks.). 

 Trypoxylon {Trypoxylon) aldrichi Sandhouse, 1940 Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 158, figs. 25, 

 53,62,66,67. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 95, figs. 56-58 (larva). 



Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 95 (nest). 

 bidentatum Fox. Wash, and Idaho south to Calif, and Ariz. Ecology: Nests in borings in 

 Sanibucus and in trap stems. Parasite: Trichrysis doriae (Grib.). 

 Trypoxylon bidentatum Fox, 1891. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 18: 143. 9, d (? in part). 

 Trypoxylon monisoni Richards, 1934. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 82: 319. 9. 



Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 95 (nest, parasite). 



