1722 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Sec, Trans. 83: 83, fig. 19 (larva). 



Biology: Evans and Lin, 1959. Amer. Midland Nat. 17: 126-127, figs. 4, 5, 9 (nest, prey, egg, 



life cycle). 

 crabroniformis Smith. Rocky Mt. and Pacific Coast States, N. Dak., Alta., B. C. Ecology: 

 Nests in rather diffuse aggregations in hard stony soil, usually makes only one nest 

 during lifetime of an individual female containing up to 15 cells, stores 12-24 small prey 

 per cell. Parasite: Senotainia trilineata (Wulp), Phrosinella pilosifrons Allen, Metopia 

 argyrocephala (Meig.) ? Prey: Astata bakeri Parker, A. nubecula Cr.; Plenocidus davisi 

 Fox.; Edemnius sp.; Hylaeus affinis (Sm.), H. sp.; Andrena albosellata CklL, A. spp., 

 Perdita fallax Ckll.; Agapostemon texanus Cr., Dialictus incompletus (Cwfd.), D. 

 laevissimus (Sm.), D. spp., Evylaeus cooleyi (Cwfd.), E. niger (Vier.), E. peraltus (Ckll.), 

 E. synthridis (Ckll.), Halictus confusus (Sm.), H.farinosus (Sm.), H. rubicundus Chr., 

 H. tripartitus Ckll., Sphecodes pati-uelis Ckll., S. sulcatulus Ckll., S. spp.; Apis mellifera 

 L.; small bees are the preferred prey. 



Philanthus crabroniformis Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 474. 6. 



Philanthus flavifrons Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 5: 102. 9 . 



Philanthus sublimis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: Proc, p. xxxii. 6. 



Philanthus califomicus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: Proc, p. xxxii. i, 



Liris magnifica Provancher, 1895. Nat. Canad. 22: 130. 6. 



Biology: Bohart, 1954. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 56: 26-27 (prey). —Evans, 1970. Mus. Compar. 



Zool, Bui. 140: 489-499 (nest, prey). — Alcock, 1974. Jour. Zool. 173: 233-246, 2 figs., 3 pis. 



(nest, prey capture and transport, mating, parasite, competition with P. gibbosus (F.)). 

 crotoniphilus Viereck and Cockerell. Calif., N. Mex., Tex.; Mexico (Coahuila). 



Philanthus crotoniphilus Viereck and Cockerell, 1904. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 12: 145. 6. 

 gibbosus (Fabricius). Transcont. in south. Canada and U. S.; Mexico to El Salvador. Ecology: 

 Nests in flat or vertical soil of types varying from sandy loam to compacted heavy soil, 

 makes 7-15 or more cells per nest, stores 8-16 small prey per cell; rarely 2 females may 

 utilize a joint burrow; 1 female may nest in parental burrow; males frequently occupy 

 parental burrow for life. Parasite: Metopia argyrocephala (Meig.), Hilarella hilarella 

 (Zett.), Senotainia trilineata (wulp) complex; Dasymutilla nigripes (F.) ?, 

 Sphaeropthalnia sp. Prey: Crossocerus sulcus (Fox); Colletes tucsonensis Ckll.; 

 Agapostemon virescens (F.), Augochlora pura (Say), Augochlorella striata (Prov.), A. 

 sp., Augochloropsis cuprea (Sm.), A. m. metallica (F.), Dialictus euryceps (Ellis), D. 

 incompletus (Cwfd.), D. imitatus (Sm.), D. laevissimus (Sm.), D. lineatulus (Cwfd.), D. 

 microlepoides (Ellis), D. obscurus (Robt.), D. pilosus (Sm.), D. rohweri (Ellis), D. 

 zephyrus (Sm.), D. spp., Halictus confusus Sm., H. ligatus Say, H. tripartitus Ckll., 

 Lasioglossum coriaceum (Sm.), L. zonuhim (Sm.), Sphecodes arvensis Patt., S. spp. 

 Predator: Diogmites discolor Lw.; Misumena calycina (L.). 



Vespa gibbosus Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 370. 



Philanthus punctatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, app., p. 342. S. 



C heilopogonus ptmctiger Westwood, 1835. Zool. Jour. 5: 441. 6,9. 



Anthophilus gibbosus Dahlbom, 1844. Hym. Europaea, v. 1, pp. 192, 497. cj, 9. Preocc. 



Anthophilus 7iodosus Klug, 1846. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Ber. Verb., p. 42. Lapsus. 



Philanthus xanthostigma Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 131, pi. 8, fig. 

 12. 9, 6. 



Philanthus maculifrons Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 132, pi. 8, fig. 13. 

 6. 



Philanthus punctatus var. cockerelli Dunning, 1897. Ent. News 8: 69. i. 



E. punctatus var. chilopsidis Cockerell, 1898. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc. 7: 141. 9. 

 The E. presumably refers to Epiphilanthus inasmuch as this new var. was mentioned in 

 a list of Philanthidae. 



Anthophilus melanaspis Cameron, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 377. 9. 



Anthophilus maculiventris Cameron, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 377. 9. 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 82, figs. 11-15 (larva). 



