Superfamily SPHECOIDEA 1723 



Biology: Peckham and Peckham, 1898. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 2: 117-124 (nest, 

 prey). — Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp studies afield, pp. 109-116 (nest, prey). — Reinhard, 

 1924. Smithsn. Inst., Ann. Rpt. for 1922, pp. 363-376. —Reinhard, 1929. Witchery of wasps, 

 pp. 92-140, 2 pis., 5 figs, (nest, prey capture, cocoon, life cycle, parasite, predators). 

 — Evans and Lin, 1959. Amer. Midland Nat. 17: 124-125, fig. 3 (nest, prey). — Cazier and 

 Mortenson, 1965. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 64: 174-197, figs. 1-4 (nest, prey). —Lin, 1968. 

 Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 10-12 (sleeping behavior). —Evans 1973. Anim. Behaviour 21: 

 302-308, 3 figs, (burrow sharing, nest transfer). —Barrows and Snyder, 1974 (1973). Ent. 

 News 84: 314-316 (prey, parasite). — Alcock, 1974. Jour. Zool. 173: 241-246 (nest, prey 

 transport, competition with P. crabroniformis). 



Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 99 (14): pi. 20, figs. C-E (male 

 genitalia). 

 gloriosus Cresson. Alta., Ariz., Kans., Nebr., N. Dak., N. Mex., Tex.; Mexico (Chihuahua). 

 Philanthus gloriosus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 5: 86. 9. 

 Philanthus insignatus Banks, 1913. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 32: 421. 9. 

 inversus Patton. Great Plains, Iowa, and Kans., north to Alta. and N. Dak., Calif. 



Philanthus inversus Patton, 1879. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, Bui. 5: 355. 9. 

 lepidus Cresson. East. U. S. west to Tex. and Colo. Ecology: Nests in large aggregations in 



sand banks, makes 1-5 false burrows and 2 or more cells per nest, stores 9-11 small bees 

 per cell. Parasite: Senotainia trilineata (Wulp) complex? Prey: Pseudopanurgus 

 andrenoides (Sm.), Augochlora pura (Say), Augochlorella striata (Prov.), Dialictus 

 apertus (Sandh.), D. cressonii (Robt.), D. inconspicuus (Sm.), D. laevissimus (Sm.), D. 

 iegularis (Robt.), D. versans (Lov.), D. spp., Evylaeus divergenoides Mitch., E. 

 macoupinensis (Robt.), Halictus ligatus Say. 

 Philanthus lepidus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 5: 92. 6. 

 Philanthus carolinensis Banks, 1913. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 32: 422. 9. 

 Philanthus carolinensis var. reductus Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 14: 18. S, 9. 



Biology: Evans, 1964. Psyche 71: 142-149, 4 figs, (nest, prey, parasite ?). 



Icvini Bohart. South. Calif. 



Philanthus levini Bohart, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 398, fig. 2. 6, 9. 

 multimaculatus Cameron. Rocky Mt. States, Alta., B. C; Mexico (Veracruz). Ecology: Nests in 

 slopes or vertical banks of dry sandy soil or mixture of sand, earth and clay, makes up 

 to 5 cells per nest, stores up to 8 small bees per cell. Parasite: Dasymutilla dilucida 

 Mick.?; Senotainia trilineata (Wulp) complex? Prey: Dialictus clematiselhis (Ellis), D. 

 microlepoides (Ellis), D. perparvus (Ellis), D. pniinosiformis (Cwfd.), D. sp., Sphecodes 

 spp. 



Philanthus multimaculatus Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 133, pi. 8, fig. 

 14. 6. 



Philanthus anna Dunning, 1897. Ent. News 8: 68. 6. 



Philanthus multiannulatus Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 488. Lapsus. 



Philanthus cleoiyiae Dunning, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 152. 9. 



Philanthus annae{\) Dunning, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 154. 



Philanthus subversus Banks, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 405. 9. 



Philanthus yakima Banks, 1919. Canad. Ent. 51: 85. 9. 



Biology: Cazier and Mortenson, 1965. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 64: 197-202, fig. 1 (nest, prey, 

 parasites ?). —Alcock, 1975. Amer. Midland Nat. 93: 222-226, 2 figs, (nesting behavior). 

 —Alcock, 1975. Anim. Behaviour 23: 889-895, 4 figs, (male territoriality and mating). 

 nasalis Bohart. Calif. (Contra Costa Co.). 



Philanthus nasalis Bohart, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 401, figs. 5, 6. 6, 9. 

 neomexicanus Strandtmann. Calif., Ariz., N. Mex. 



Philanthus neomexicanus Strandtmann, 1946. A Rev. of the N. Amer. Spp. of Philanthus, 

 p. 51. 6, 9. 



occidentalis Strandtmann. Calif. 



Philanthus occidentalis Strandtmann, 1946. A Rev. of the N. Amer. Spp. of Philanthus, 



p. 64. 6, 9. 



