Superfamily SPHECOIDEA 1663 



clavipes clavipes (Linnaeus). Maine, N. H., R. I., Md., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; cent, and 

 south Europe. Ecology: In Europe nests in straws, stores 16-26 psocid prey per cell. 

 Prey: In Europe Gmphopsocus cruciatus (L.), Peripsocns pliaeopterus (Ste.), Ellipsocus 

 westwoodi Mclack., Mesopsocus immunis (Ste.), Loenisia variegata (Latr.), Hyperates 

 questfalicus Kolb.; mostly adult females, a few nymphs, one adult male. Another subsp. 

 occurs in Japan. 



Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 569. 



Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799. Faunae Ins. German., heft 72, fig. 12. 



Taxonomy: Marechal, 1929. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 98: 115-116 (larva). 



Biology: Freeman, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A, 13: 1-2 (nest, prey, cocoon, life 

 cycle in England). 



Genus RHOPALUM Subgenus CORYNOPUS Lepeletier and Brulle 



Corynopjis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 802. 



Type-species: Crabro tibialis Panzer. Monotypic. 

 Dryphus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840. Nomencl. Ent., heft. 2, p. 123. 



Type-species: Crabro tibialis Fabricius. Monotypic. 

 Alliognathus Ashmead, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 219. 



Type-species: Crabro occidentalis Fox. Orig. desig. 



Taxonomy: Pate, 1947. Notulae Nat. 185: 7-10 (synonymic notes on N. Amer. spp.). 

 coarctatum (Scopoli). Canada and U. S. in Transit, and U. Austr. Zones east of Rocky Mts.; 

 Europe, Siberia. Ecology: Nests in soft pith of dead hibiscus stems and in borings in 

 wood, makes up to 12 cells per nest, stores as many as 20 prey per cell. Parasite: 

 Tetrabaeus aiuericaiius (Brues); Eurytoyna inomata Bugb.; Melittobia chalybii Ashm.; 

 Megaselia sp.? Prey: Palpomyia subasper (Coq.); C hironomus fulvus Joh., C. viridulus 

 (L.), C. nervosus Staeg., Chironomidae sp.? 



Sphex coarctata ScopoH, 1763. Ent. Cam., p. 293, pi. 42, fig. 778. <5. 



Crabro crassipes Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 270. 



Crabro tibialis Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 271. Preocc. 



Rhopalum modestum Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 257. 6. 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 292-293, figs. 111-112 (larva). 



Biology: Krombein, 1964. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77: 90-92 (nest, prey, life cycle, cocoon, 

 parasites). —Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees, pp. 259-260 (nest, prey, life 

 cycle, parasites). 

 occidentale (Fox). Maine, Conn., N. Y., N. C, Mich., Colo., Wyo., Nev., Calif., Oreg., B. C. 

 Crabro occidentalis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 200. 9. 

 Rhopalum {Alliognathus) Carolina Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 14: 17. 9. 

 pacificum Bohart. Nev., Calif., Oreg. Ecology: Nests in Sambucus stems. Parasite: 

 Diomoms zabriskiei Cr. 

 Rhopalum pacificum Bohart, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 258, figs. 6-14. 6,9. 



Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 94 (nest, parasite; misdet. as arapaho 

 Pate). 

 pedicellatum Packard. Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Wis., Minn., Colo. Ecology: Nests in 

 pre-existing cavities in old stump and in raspberry stalks, stores 25-33 prey per cell. 

 Prey: Chironomus sp. 

 Rhopalum pedicellatum Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 380. 9,6. 

 Rhopalum rubrocinctum Peckham and Peckham, 1898. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 



2:43. 9. 

 Euplilis iCoi-ynopus) arapaho Pate, 1947. Notulae Nat. 185: 8. 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 104-105, figs. 99-104 (larva). 



Biology: Packard, 1869. Guide Study Ins., p. 158 (nest). —Peckham and Peckham, 1895. Wis. 

 Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 2: 42-43 (nest, prey). 



