Superfamily APOIDEA 1743 



aeidae (4), Andrenidae (1,199), Halictidae (506), Melittidae (30), Megachilidae (607), 

 Anthophoridae (919), and Apidae (47). Among the largest genera in our fauna are: Andrena 

 (511), Perdita (502), Nomada (286), Dialicius (189), Osmia (133), Megachile (114), Triepeolus 

 (102), Melissodes (99), and Colletes (96). In all, our fauna consists of 121 genera of which 92 con- 

 tain the pollen-collecting species. Several of our species are Holarctic in distribution and eight 

 species, including the European honeybee, are of introduced origin. 



The biology of the Apoidea including their behavior, intrafloral ecology, nesting habits, life 

 histories, communication and the like has always fascinated and attracted much interest and 

 study by the laity, the beekeeper and the specialist. An immense literature on these and related 

 subjects has already accumulated and continues to develop so that it is becoming almost an im- 

 possibility to accomplish an in-depth bibliography of the Apoidea. For example, there are now 

 more than 100,000 references to the European honeybee alone. Fortunately, the task is made 

 easier by several literature information retrieval systems and especially by the International 

 Bee Research Association, headquartered in England, which publishes the key abstracting jour- 

 nal on bees, Apicultuml Abstracts, two key research journals in English, Bee World and the 

 Journal of Apicultural Research, as well as comprehensive bibliographies (/. B. R. A. Bibliogra- 

 phies) on selected subjects pertaining to bees. 



Revision: Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10: viii and 643 pp. (classification, catalog of world 

 spp.; lists 6,165 spp. in 136 genera distributed among 14 subfamilies and all placed in one 

 family, the Apidae). — Boerner, 1919. Biol. Zentrbl. 39: 145-186, 6 figs, (classification). 

 — Friese, 1923. Die Europaischen Bienen (Apidae), vii and 456 pp., W. de Gruyter and Co., 

 Berlin and Leipzig (classification, life histories). — Grutte, 1935. Arch. Naturgesch. (n, f.) 4: 

 449-534 (classification of parasitic spp.). — Sandhouse, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 

 519-619 (type-species of genera and subgenera). — Michener, 1944. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Bui. 82: 151-326, text figs. 1-246, diagrams 1-13 (morphology, phylogeny and classification). 

 — Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 1-538, 134 figs., 16 tables (east. U. S. 

 spp. of Colletidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae and Melittidae). —Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 1-557, 134 figs., 18 tables (east. U. S. spp. of Megachilidae, 

 Anthophoridae, Xylocopidae, Apidae). —Michener, 1965. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 130: 

 1-362, 789 text figs., 15 pis., 4 tables (classification). —Weber, 1965. Colo. Univ. Studies, 

 Series in Bibliography 1: 1-124, 1 frontis. (bibliography of T. D. A. Cockerell). —Stephen, 

 Bohart and Torchio, 1969. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., pp. 1-140, 320 figs, 

 (classification, morphology, phylogeny and biology of northwest. U. S. spp.). —Michener, 

 1974. The social behavior of the bees, chapter 3: 25-29. Cambridge, Mass. The Belknap 

 Press of Harvard Univ. Press (classification). 



Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1898. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., Bui. 11: 41-73 (N. Mex. spp.). 

 —Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 43-73 (N. Mex. spp.). — Ashmead, 1899. Amer. 

 Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 49-100 (classification). —Fowler, 1902. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Rpts. 

 1899-1901, pt. 2, pp. 316-330 (long-tongued Calif, spp.). —Cockerell, 1903. Psyche 10: 74-78 

 (Calif, spp.). —Robertson, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 163-189 (synopsis of 

 Megachilidae and Bombinae). —Cockerell and Robbins, 1910. Colo. Univ. Studies 7: 

 179-195, 8 pi?. (Rocky Mts. spp.). — Graenicher, 1911. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 1: 221-249 

 (north. Wis. spp.). — Lutz and Cockerell, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 491-641 

 (notes on distribution, bibliography and floral records of N. Amer. spp. of Anthophoridae 

 and Apidae). —Cockerell, 1924. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 26: 77-85 (tax. characters). 

 —Cockerell, 1928. Colo. Univ. Studies 16: 99-126 (Colo. spp.). —Michener, 1941. Sixth 

 Pacific Sci. Congr., Proc. 4: 297-303 (distributional history of N. Amer. fauna). —Michener, 

 1947. Amer. Midland Nat. 38: 443-455 (south. Miss. spp.). —Stevens, 1948. N. Dak. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Bimonthly Bui. 10: 187-194 (N. Dak. spp.). —Stevens, 1948. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. 

 Sta., Bimonthly Bui. 11: 49-54, 2 figs. (N. Dak. spp.). —Stevens, 1949. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. 

 Sta., Bimonthly Bui. 11: 130-135, 210-225, 4 figs. (N. Dak. spp.). —Richards, 1949. Linn. Soc. 

 London, Proc. 161: 40-41 (evolution of cuckoo spp.). —Stevens, 1949. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. 

 Sta. Bimonthly Bui. 12: 14-22 (N. Dak. spp.). —Stevens, 1950. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., 

 Bimonthly Bui. 12: 90-98, 3 figs. (N. Dak. spp.). —Stevens, 1950. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., 

 Bimonthly Bui. 13: 72-80, 4 figs. (N. Dak. spp.). —Bohart and Knowlton, 1950. Utah State 

 Agr. Expt. Sta. mimeo series, 371: 1-5 (Utah spp.). — Buckell, 1951. Ent. Soc Brit. 

 Columbia, Proc. 47: 7-24 (B. C. spp.). —Stevens, 1951. N. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bimonthly 



