Superfamily APOIDEA 1747 



1-2 (foraging behavior of spp. visiting flowers of Kallstroemia grandiflom). —Jones and 

 Buchman, 1974. Anim. Behaviour 22: 481-485, 2 tables (u. v. floral patterns as orientation 

 guides). -Estes and Thorp, 1974. Torrey Bot. Club, Bui. 101: 272-276 (poHinating spp. 

 visiting flowers of Ludwigia peploides). — Michener, 1974. The social behavior of the bees, 

 xii and 404 pp., The Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. —Michener and Brothers, 

 1974. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., Proc. 71: 671-674 (queen inhibitory behavior). — Macior, 



1974. Missouri Bot. Garden, Ann. 61: 760-769, 21 figs, (coadaptation between flowers and 

 pollinating spp.). — Moldenke and Neff, 1974. The bees of California: A catalogue with 

 special relevance to pollination and ecological research. Origin and Structure of 

 Ecosystems (IBP) Technical Rpts. 74-1 to 74-6, Calif. Univ. Santa Cruz. —Austin and 

 OHver, 1974. Arnold Arboreteum Harvard Univ., Jour. 55: 291-299 (pollinators of 

 Sisyrinchiiim solstitiale, a Fla. endemic). — Bottema, 1975. Paleohistoria 17: 17-35, 9 figs., 

 7 tables (contamination of pollen spectra by burrowing bees in prehistoric settlements). 

 — Cazier and Linsley, 1975. Pan-Pacific Ent. 51: 248-253, 6 figs., 2 tables (bee and wasp 

 visitors to the flowers of Kallstroe))iia grandiflora after two years drought). —Thorp, 

 Briggs, Estes and Erickson, 1975. Science 189: 476-478, 1 fig. (nectar flourescense and 

 foraging efficiency of bees). —Estes and Thorp, 1975. Amer. Jour. Bot. 62: 148-159 

 (pollination oi Pyrrhopappns carolinianus). —Thorp and Estes, 1975. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 48: 175-184, 6 figs, (intrafloral behavior of bees on flowers of Cassia fasciculata). 



— Heinrich, 1975. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 6: 139-170 (energetics of pollination). — Heinrich, 



1975. Evolution 29: 325-334, 4 figs., 2 tables (bee flowers). —Barrows, Bell and Michener, 

 1975. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Proc. 72: 2824-2828 (odor differences and their social function). ' 



— Hurd and Linsley, 1975. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 193: iii and 74 pp., 18 figs., 15 tables 

 (principal Larrea visiting spp. of southwest. U. S.). — Kevan, 1975. Biol. Conservation 7: 

 301-309, 1 fig., 4 tables (effect of fenitrothion on pollinators of lowbush blueberries). 



— Macior, 1975. Amer. Jour. Bot. 62: 1009-1016, 19 figs., 17 tables (pollination of 

 Delphinium tricome). —Macior, 1975. Amer. Jour. Bot. 62: 1065-1072, 21 figs., 7 tables 

 (pollination ecology of Pedicularis in the Yukon Territory). —Evans, 1975. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 68: 888-892, 6 figs., 3 tables (predation by Pliilanthus albopilosus Cress.). 



— Linsley, 1976. Pan-Pacific Ent. 52: 177-178 (defensive behavior of males about plants not 

 visited by their females). — Bouseman, 1976. Pan-Pacific Ent. 52: 178-179 (predation by 

 Apiomenis crassipes). — Iwata, 1976. Evolution of instinct, comparative ethology of 

 Hymenoptera, 535 pp., Washington, D. C, Smithsonian Institution (behavior). —Erickson, 

 Enns and Werner, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69: 959-970, 4 tables (bee-associated 

 Meloidae). — Jander, 1976. Physiol. Ent. 1: 179-194, 8 figs., 2 tables (grooming and pollen 

 manipulation). —McGregor, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handbook 496: 1-411, 196 figs, 

 (pollination of cultivated crop plants). — Frankie, Opler and Bawa, 1976. Jour. Ecol. 64: 

 1049-1057, 1 fig., 4 tables (foraging behavior). —Rust and Clement, 1977. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 50: 37-48, 5 figs., 4 tables (role in pollination of Colli7isia sparsiflora). 



Morphology: Braue, 1913. Jenaische Ztschr. Naturwiss. 50: 1-96 (pollen-collecting apparatus). 



— Stoeckhert, 1924. Arch. Naturgesch. (A) 90 (2): 109-131 (gynandromorphism). — Kuhn, 

 1927. Ztschr. vergleich. Physiol. 5: 762-800 (color vision). — Pessotzkaya, 1929. Soc. Nat. 

 Leningrad. Trav. 59: 21-46 (gland apparatus in instinctive behavior). —Beck, 1933. Utah 

 Acad. Sci., Proc. 10: 89-137, 8 pis. (male genitalia). —Michener, 1943. Pan-Pacific Ent. 19: 

 96-100 (homologies between male and female appendages). —Michener, 1944. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 37: 336-351 (appendages of eighth and ninth abdominal segments). 



— Michener, 1944. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 82: 158-225 (comparative external 

 morphology). — Auclair and Jamieson, 1948. Science 108: 357-358 (amino acids in pollen 

 collected by bees). — Wille, 1956. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 38: 439-499 (thoracic musculature). 

 — Wille, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 538-546, 24 figs, (dorsal vessel). — Altenkirch, 

 1962. Zool. Beitrag (n. f.) 7: 161-238 (abdomen). —Michener, 1965. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 Bui. 130: 27-32, figs. 2-17 (morphological terminology). — Cruz-Landim, 1967. Arq. Zool. S. 

 Paulo 15: 177-290 (glands). — Rothenbuhler, Kulincevic and Kerr, 1968. Ann. Rev. Genetics 

 2: 413-438 (genetics). —Graf, 1968. Bol. Univ. Federal Parana, Zool. 3: 65-78 (salivary 

 gland). —Stephen, Bohart and Torchio, 1969. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., pp. 3-31, 

 figs. 1-112 (external morphology). — Tanabe, Tamaki and Nakamo, 1970. Japanese Jour. 

 Genetics 45: 425-428 (variation in esterase isozymes). — Tulloch, 1970. Lipids 5: 247-258 



