Superfamily APOIDEA 1855 



Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 51. 6. — Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 

 129. 9. — Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 20-23 (redescription). 

 — Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 26, figs. 33-34 (tax. characters and status). 

 illinoiensis (Cresson). Que. to Fla., west to III, Kans., Okla. and Tex. Pollen: Unknown, but 

 visits flowers of Amphiachyris dracunculoides, Bellis integrifolia, Chrysanthemum 

 leucayithemum, Descourainia, Erigeron, Gaillardia, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Lepidinm. 

 Calliopsis illinoiensis Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 66. i. 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 274, figs. 64-66, table 8 

 (redescription). —Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 30-31, figs. 43-44 (tax. 

 status, geogr. and floral records). 



nanulus (Timberlake). N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango and 



Sonora). Parasite: Holcopasites tegularis Hurd and Linsley. Pollen: Unknown, but visits 

 flowers of Euphorbia, Physalis, Wislizenia refracta. 

 Pseudopanurgus nanulus Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 5. 9, cJ. 



Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 37, figs. 55-56 (tax. characters). 



Biology: Hurd and Linsley, 1972. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 114: 26, 39 (parasite). 

 neomexicanus (Cockerell). N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, 



Hidalgo, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla and Tlaxcala). Pollen: Unknown, but visits 

 flowers of Cacalia decomposita, Ceanothus, Erigeron, Geranium, Helenium hoopesii, 

 Monarda austromontana, Penstemon, Solidago. 

 Panurginus neomexicanus Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 2: 451. 6. 

 Panurginus nigrinus Viereck, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 50. 9. 



Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 8-10 (redescription, geogr. and 

 floral records). —Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 37-38, figs. 57-58 (tax. 

 characters). 

 opacicollis (Timberlake). Ariz. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Eriogonum. 

 Pseudopanurgus opacicollis Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 15. 9. 



Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 38 (tax. characters). 

 opaculus (Cockerell). Ariz. (Mud Springs, Santa Catalina Mts.). 



Panurginus opaculus Cockerell, 1922. Amer. Mus. Novitates 36: 3. 9. 



Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 18-20 (redescription). 

 —Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 39, fig. 87 (tax. characters). 

 parvus (Robertson). Pa., N. C, Ga., Miss., Mo., 111., Wis., N. Dak., Alta., Colo., N. Mex. Pollen: 

 Unknown, but visits flowers of Aster, Eulophus, Geranium, Gerardia tenuifolia, 

 Gilleyiia, Monarda, Solidago, Thaspium. 

 Calliopsis parvus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 273. 9,6. 

 Pseudopanurgus gerardiae Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 77. d, 9. 

 Pseudopanurgus stevensi Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 78. 6, 9. 

 Panurginus borealis Cockerell, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 33. 9. 



Taxonomy: Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 77 (tax. characters). —Mitchell, 1960. 

 N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 277-278, figs. 64-66, table 8 (synonymy, redescription). 

 —Timberlake, 1964. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2185: 25 (synonymy, as stevensi). 

 —Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 40, figs. 63-64 (synonymy, tax. characters). 

 pauper (Cresson). New England to Fla., west to 111. and Mo. Pollen: Collects pollen especially 

 from the flowers of Ceanothus americanus, but also visits flowers of Rubus presumably 

 for nectar. 

 Calliopsis pauper Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 66. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 278-279, figs. 64-66, table 8 

 (redescription). —Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 40, figs. 65-66 (tax. 

 characters). 



Biology: Timberlake, 1975. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 77: 40 (pollen source). 



