Superfamily APOIDEA 1867 



sinuosa (Wied.)- Pollen: Polylectic, known sources include Aster ericoides villosus, 

 Convolvulus, Desmodium marilandicum, D. paniculatum, Erigeron canadensis, 

 Gerardia temiifolia, Hedyotis purpurea, Lippia lanceolata, Lycopus sinuatus, Lythnim 

 alaturn, Malva neglecta, M. rotu7idifolia, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis, Oxalis stricta, 

 Polygala sanguinea, Polygonum buxifomie, Psoralea onybrichis, Pycnanthemuyn 

 pilosum, Trifoliuni pratense, T. procumbens, T. repens. Verbena bracteata, V. hastata, 

 V. urticifolia, Verbesina helianthoides, but visits these and other flowers for nectar 

 including Achillea, Ailanthus altissirna, Arnmania coccinea, Amorpha canescens, 

 Anaphalis margaritacea, Asclepias, Bidens aristosa, Boltonia asteroides, Brassica, 

 Castanea pumila, Ceanothus americanus. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Chrysopsis, 

 Cleome, Coreopsis palmata, C. tripteris, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Cucumis, Dianthera 

 americana, Epilobium, Eryngiiim yuccifolium, Geum album, Gillenia stipulacea, 

 Hedeoma pulegioides, Hedyotis nigricans, Helenium, Hypericum perforatum, Lindemia 

 dubia riparia, Lespedeza capitata, L. procumbens, L. repens, L. reticulata, Ligustrum, 

 Medicago sativa, Nepeta cataria, Oenothera laciniata, Oxalis dillenii, Penstemon, 

 Petalostemon candidum. Polygonum convolvulus, P. pennsylvanicum, Portulaca, 

 Potentilla monspeliensis, P. recta. Prunella vulgaris. Primus, Psoralea tenuiflora, P. 

 tenuiflora floribunda, Pycnajithemum flexuosum, P. virginianum, P. lanceolatum, 

 Raphanus sativus, Rhus glabra, Rosa, Rubus, Rudbeckia triloba, Serinea oppositifolia, 

 Sisymbriinn repandum, Solanum carolinense, Solidago canadensis, Spiranthes gracilis, 

 Stachys palustris, Stellaria, Strophostyles pauciflora, Stylosaiithes biflora, 

 Symphoricarpos, Tamarix, Trifolium hybridum. Verbena bracteosa, Veronica spicata, 

 Vicia. Predator: Philanthus gibbosus (Fabr.), P- politus Say. 



Calliopsis andreniformis Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 128. 9. 



Calliopsis flavipes Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 128. d. 



Calliopsis lepidus Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 68. 9. 



Panurgus vemalis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 204. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1038, figs. 100-105 (larva). —Mitchell, 

 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 288-289, figs. 69-71, table 8 (redescription, 

 synonymy). — Rozen, 1966. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2259: 16, fig. 40 (larva). —Yager and 

 Rozen, 1966 Amer. Mus. Novitates 2265: 8-10, figs. 11-12 (pupa). — Shinn, 1967. Kans. Univ. 

 Sci. Bui. 46: 786-791, figs. 5-6, 8-13, map 1 (redescription). 



Biology: Graenicher, 1905. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 3: 159 (nest). — Swenk, 1907. Ent. News 

 18: 297 (nest, parasite). — Reinhard, 1924. Ann. Rept. Smithsn. Inst. 2738: 371-373 

 (predator). —Robertson, 1926. Psyche 33: 118 (nest, parasite). — Hendrickson, 1930. Iowa 

 State Coll. Jour. Sci. 4: 163 (nest). —Pearson, 1933. Ecol. Monog. 3: 387 409-411 (floral 

 relationships). — Ainslie, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 97-100 (nest, floral relationships, parasite). 

 — Lovell and Lovell, 1939. Rhodora 41: 185 (ecology). — Crandall and Tate, 1947. Amer. 

 Soc. Agronomy, Jour. 39: 161-163 (nest site, floral relationships). —Mitchell, 1956. Elisha 

 Mitchell Sci. Soc. 72: 207 (parasite). —Michener and Rettenmeyer, 1956. Kans. Univ. Sci. 

 Bui. 37: 645 (age of nest site). —Montgomery, 1957. Ind. Acad. Sci., Proc. 66: 129 (ecology). 

 — Byers, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 320 (ecology). —Rozen, 1966. Amer. Mus. 

 Novitates 2244: 33 (parasite). —Shinn, 1967. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 895-935 figs. 144-156, 

 tables 4-9 (nest architecture, life history, immature stages, odor production, sleep, floral 

 relationships, parasites). —Rozen, 1967. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2297: 32-33, fig. 9, table 1 

 (nest architecture, life history, parasite). — Hurd and Linsley, 1972. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 

 114: 39, table 1 (parasites). 



empelia Shinn. Ariz. (Douglas and Mt. Lemmon). 



Calliopsis (Calliopsis) empelia Shinn, 1967. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 811, figs. 38-41, map 

 2. 9, 6. 



helenae Shinn. Tex. (10 mi. s. Alice); Mexico (Piedras Negras, Coahuila). 



Calliopsis (Calliopsis) helenae Shinn, 1967. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 814, map 1. 9. 



hondurasica Cockerell. La. (Robson), Tex.; Mexico to Panama. Pollen: Unknown, but visits 

 flowers of Cassia, Kallstroemia hirsutissima, Lippia, Nama tmdulattmi. Phyla 

 strigosa, Teucrium, Trifolium repens. Verbena. 

 Calliopsis hoiidurasica Cockerell, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 98: 437. 9. 



Taxonomy: Shinn, 1967. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 800-804, figs. 30-33, map 2 (redescription). 



