Superfamily APOIDEA 1943 



howardi Crawford. South. Utah, south to South. Calif, and southwestern Ariz.; Mexico (Baja 

 California). Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Acacia greggii, Aster 

 spinosus, Carthamnus tinctorius, Cucumis nielo, Gossypium, Heliotropium 

 curassavicum, Isocoma veneta, Lippia lanceolata, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, 

 Phyla nodiflora, Pluchea sericea, Prosopis pubescens, Salix exigua, Tamarix gallica, T. 

 petandra. Predator: hnparipes americanus (Banks). 



Nomia howardi Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 617. 9. 



Nomia howardi vanduzeei Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 540. 9. 



Nomia califomica peninsularis Cockerell, 1930. In Cockerell and Blair, Amer. Mus. 

 Novitates 433: 12. 



Biology: Linsley, 1946. Jour. Econ. Ent. 6: 18-29 (pollination). 

 melanderi Cockerell. Centr. Wash, to South. Calif., east to Wyo. Introduced into S. Dak. 



(Brookings and Hecla) and B. C. (Ashcroft and Kamloops). Parasite: Dasymtdilla vesta 

 (Cress.)?, Euphytomima nomiivora James, Heterostylum robustum 0. S., Nernognatha 

 sp., Nomada siiavis Cress., Physocephala texana (Will.), Physoconops fronto (Will.), 

 Pseudomethoca propinqua (Cress.)?, Zodion obliquefasciatuvi (Macq.), Zonitis 

 atripennis jlavida LeC. Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of plants especially the 

 Leguminosae including alfalfa, but also visits the flowers oi Achillea, Allium, Apiiim 

 graveolens, Asclepias speciosa, A. subverticillata. Aster, Astragalus, Baccharis emoryi, 

 Berula erecta. Beta vulgaris, Brassica geniculata, B. incana, Centromadia pungens, 

 Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Cirsium, Citrullus vulgaris, Cleome lutea, C. serrulata. 

 Convolvulus arvense. Coreopsis, Crepis glauca, C. runcinata, Cressa cretica, Croton 

 califomicus, Cuscuta salina, Daucus carota, Dipsacus, Eremocarpus setigenis, 

 Erigeron, Eriogonum, Eschscholzia califomica, Gossypium, Grindelia, Haplopappus 

 acradenius, Helianthus, Heliotropium curassavicum, Hemizonia pungens, Lippia 

 lanceolata, Lotus americanus, L. purshianus, Melilotus alba, M. indica, Mentha spicata, 

 Phyla lanceolata, Pluchea camphorata, P. sericea, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ribes, 

 Salsola kali, Sicyos, Sisymbrium altissimum, Solatium elaeagnifolium, S. tuberosum, 

 Solidago occidentalis, Tamarix gallica, Tribulus terrestris, Trifolium hybridum, T. 

 pratense, T. repeats, Wisiizenia refracta, Zea mays. Predator: Badgers, blackbirds, 

 Cicindela haemorrhagica LeC, C. pusillus Say, Efferia straminea (Will.), Formica 

 fusca Linn., Imparipes americanus (Banks), magpies, meadowlarks, Microtus sp., Mus 

 musculus Linn., Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cress.), robins, skunks, English sparrows, 

 starlings, weasels. 



Nomia melandri Cockerell, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 279. 9. Lapsus calami. 



Nomia melanderi Cockerell, 1908. Ann. arid Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 334. Emend. 



Nomia califomica Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 296. 9. 



Nomia acus Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 296. i. 



Nomia melanderi paysoni Cockerell, 1925. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 16: 621. 6. 



Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1031, figs, (larva). 



Biology: Stephen and Evans, 1960. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 52: 1-39, 5 figs, 2 tables 

 (life history, parasites, associates). — Frick, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 5-15 (ecology, 

 parasite). — Hackwell and Stephen, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 196-200 (eclosion and 

 duration of larval development). —Kibble, 1968. Wyo. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Sci. Monog. 

 11: 2-11 (summary of literature). —Cross and Bohart, 1969. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 42: 

 195-219, 6 figs., 5 tables (phoretic behavior of associated mites). —Telford, Johansen and 

 Eves, 1972. Mededel. Fakult. Landbouwwetensch. Gent 37: 776-783 (management practices 

 and insecticide poisoning). —Parker and Potter, 1974. Environ. Ent. 3: 739-743, 5 figs, 

 (introduction and establishment). — Batra, 1976. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 49: 18-22, 2 tables 

 (comparative efficiency in alfalfa pollination). —Mayer and Johansen, 1976. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Bui. 22: 423-425 (bibliography). 



nortoni cressoni Westwood. Ariz. (Santa Cruz Co.), south to Puebla, Mexico. Pollen: Unknown, 

 but visits flowers of Asclepias, Dalea, Eysenhardtia polystacha, Stachys bigelovii. 

 Nomia Cressoni Westwood, 1875. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 218. S. 



nortoni nortoni Cresson. Penn., south to Fla., west to Idaho, Colo, and N. Mex.; Mexico 



(Coahuila). Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Amorpha fruticosa, 



