1946 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Westwood, 1875. Ent. Soc. London, Trans, p. '217. —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 508 (tax. characters). 

 mesillae (Cockerell). Colo., N. Mex., Tex. 



Diennomia mesiUae Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 266. S. 



Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1930. Amer. Mus. Novitates 433: 10. i, 9. 

 xerophila (Cockerell). Colo., Utah, N. Mex., Ariz. 



Dieunomia xerophila Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 265. 3,9. 



Genus NOMIA Subgenus UNASSIGNED 



tacita Cameron. N. Mex. Probably not Nearctic. 



Nomia tacita Cameron, 1902. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 28: 376. 6. 



NoMEN Nudum in Nomia Latreille 



Nomia birkmanii Birkman, 1899. Ent. News 23: 244. 



Subfamily HALICTINAE 



This very large, diverse and nearly cosmopolitan subfamily of bees exhibits both solitary 

 behavior and nearly every degree of sociality ranging from subsocial through communal, semiso- 

 cial to eusocial behavior. Most of the species nest in the ground, but some nest in pre-existing 

 holes in wood and sometimes in rotten or decaying wood. 



Although the species of this subfamily are known to visit the flowers of a great variety of 

 plants for pollen and nectar, some groups of species are oligolectic (e.g., Hemihalictus and 

 Sphecodogastra). Since much of the floral information recorded in the literature is in need of 

 critical evaluation, no attempt has been made to list the floral records for the majority of the 

 species in this subfamily. Partial summaries of the floral records or comments about them may 

 be found in a number of studies including Mitchell (1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 

 332-506), Moldenke and Neff (1974. Origin and Structure of Ecosystems (IBP) Tech. Rpt. 74-75: 

 9-135), Ordway (1966. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 509-624), Roberts (1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 

 48: 689-719), and Robertson (1928. Flowers and insects, Carlinville, 111., 221 pp.). 



Taxonomy: Eickwort and Fischer, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 348-354 (hind tibial spurs). 

 — Eickwort, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 652-660 (classification and nest architecture). 



Biology: Michener, 1958. Ecology 39: 207-217 (distribution of nests in earth banks). 

 — Michener and Lange, 1958. Science 127: 1046-1047 (primitive social behavior). 

 —Hamilton, 1964. Jour. Theoret. Biol. 7: 17-52 (genetical evolution). —Michener, 1964. Ins. 

 Sociaux 11: 317-342 (reproductive efficiency). —Lin, 1964. Ins. Sociaux 11: 187-192 

 (parasitism as a factor in the evolution of social behavior). — Batra, 1966. Indian Jour. Ent. 

 28: 375-393. — Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Science 152: 1262-1263 (polymorphism). — Knerer 

 and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1337-1339 (nest architecture and taxonomy). —Knerer 

 and Atwood, 1967 (1966). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 97: 103-110 (parasitization). —Knerer 

 and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 1622-1625 (cell coverings). 

 —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 1759-1761 

 (polymorphism). —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 

 2014-2017 (polygyny). —Michener, 1966. Animal Behav. 14: 126-129 (worker interaction). 



— Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 264: 1-3 (Hfe history). 

 —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 264: 651-653 

 (production of lining). —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 

 264: 1096-1099 (male production). —Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (n. s.) 3: 

 859-866 (social evolution). —Batra, 1968. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 120-133 (behavior in 

 nests). — Bonelli, 1969. Soc. Ent. Italiana, Bol. 48: 68-78 (social evolution). —Knerer, 1969. 

 Internatl. Union Study Social Insects VI Congr. Bern, Proc. pp. 101-107 (social structure). 



— Knerer, 1969. Science 164: 429-430 (brood care). —Knerer, 1969. Ent. News 80: 141-147 

 (nest architecture and defense). —Knerer, 1969. Canad. Jour. Zool. 47: 925-930 (synergistic 

 evolution). —Houston, 1970. Australian Jour. Zool. 18: 345-351 (male soldier caste). —May, 

 1970. Science 170: 651-652 (brood care). - Batra, 1970. Science 170: 652 (brood care). 

 —Plateaux-Quenu, 1972. La Biologie des abeilles primitives. Masson et Cie, Paris, 200 pp. 



