Superfamily APOIDEA 1985 



timberlakei Schwarz. South. Oreg., Calif., west. Nev. Pollen: Polylectic, visits flowers of 

 Chaenactis douglasii, C. glabriuscula, Cirsium, Clarkia biloba, C. concinna, C. 

 cylindrica, C. gracilis, Coreopsis lanceolata, Encelia fariyiosa, Helianthus gracilentus. 

 Salvia mellifera. 



Heteranthidium timberlakei Schwarz, 1928. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 36: 409. 6, 9. 



Heterantkidium subtimberlakei Schwarz, 1928. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 36: 414. 9. 



Taxonomy: Stephen and Torchio, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 41-43 (as zebratum). — Snelling, 

 1966. Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci. 97: 5 (synonomy). 



Biology: MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 70: 49 (floral 

 relationships). 

 zebratum (Cresson). Mich, south to Miss., west to S. Dak., Nebr., Colo, and N. Mex. Pollen: 

 Unknown, but visits flowers of Gaillardia, Helianthus. 

 Anthidium zebratum Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 270. S. 

 Protantkidium cockerelli Titus, 1902. Ent. News 13: 170. 6. 



Anthidium (Protanthidium) Chippewaense Graenicher, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 157. 6,9. 

 Heteranthidium zebratum mississippi Michener, 1937. Amer. Midland Nat. 38: 449. S, 9. 



Taxonomy: Snelling, 1966. Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci. 97: 4-5 (synonymy). 

 Genus PARANTHIDIUM Cockerell and Cockerell 

 Genus PARANTHIDIUM Subgenus PARANTHIDIUM Cockerell and Cockerell 



Anthidium subg. Paranthidium Cockerell and Cockerell, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 

 (7) 7: 50. 



Type-species: Paranthidium jugatorium perpictum (Cockerell). Orig. desig. 

 (=Anthidium perpictum Cockerell). 



Taxonomy: Schwarz, 1926. Amer. Mus. Novitates 226: 19-25 (N. Amer. spp.). —Moure, 1965. 

 Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 67: 29-31 (generic limits). 

 jugatorium butleri Snelling. Ariz. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Erigeron, 

 Helianthus. 

 Paranthidium jugatorium butleri Snelling, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent. 38: 225. 9,6. 

 jugatorium jugatorium (Say). N. Y., N. J., Ind., Minn., Wis., Mo., Nebr. Parasite: Dasymutilla 

 asopus bexar (Blake). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers oi Helianthus strumosus. 

 Megachile jugatoria Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 352. 9. 

 Stelis obesa Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 398. 6. 



Biology: Michener, 1975. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 194-200 (nest, parasite). 

 jugatorium lepidum (Cresson). Ky. and Va., south to Ga. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers 

 of Helenium, Helianthus, Rudbeckia, Silphium. 

 Anthidium lepidum Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 115. 6. 

 jugatorium perpictum (Cockerell). Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. 



Anthidium perpictum Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 63. 9. 

 Anthidium (Dianthidium) perpictum coloradense Swenk, 1914. Nebr. Univ., Studies 14: 

 32. 9. 



Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 63. 9. —Cockerell, 1900. Ann. and Mag. 

 Nat. Hist. (7) 5: 413. 6,9. 



Biology: Banks, 1902. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 10: 213 (nesting habits). 



Genus PARANTHIDIUM Subgenus MECANTHIDIUM Michener 



Paranthidium subg. Mecanthidium Michener, 1942. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 50: 278. 



Type-species: Paranthidium (Mecanthidium) sonorum Michener. Orig. desig. 



Taxonomy: Moure, 1965. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 67: 30 (systematic position). 

 sonorum Michener. Ariz., northern Mexico. 



Paranthidium (Mecanthidium) sonorum Michener, 1942. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 50: 278. 6, 



9. 



