2006 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Ducke, 1909. Rev. de Ent. 27: 44 (tax. characters). —Horning, 1966. Ent. Soc. 

 Wash., Proc. 68: 157 (geogr. record). -Rozen, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 2, 36, 238-239, 

 240, 242, figs. 9-15 (larva, as productiis productus?). 



Biology: Jaycox, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 18-20 (habits, host). 

 productus subruber (Cockerell). Calif, deserts, Ariz., N. Mex., western Tex. Host: Anthidium. 

 paroselae Ckll.? 

 Philereynus productus var. subruber Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 60. 9. 

 Dioxys martii Cockerell, 1902. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 233. 9 (= male). 



Biology: Newberry, 1900. Psyche 9: 94 (host). 

 rohweri Cockerell. Colo. (Troublesome). 



Dioxys rohweri Cockerell, 1908. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 329. 6. 



Tribe MEGACHILINI 



The tribe Megachilini, which contains the well known leaf-cutter and mason bees, is 

 represented by numerous species throughout much of the world. Although some of these bees 

 are cleptoparasites, mainly in the nests of other Megachilini, most members of this tribe are pol- 

 len-collecting bees, and like the Anthidiini make use of a wide variety of foreign materials for 

 the construction of the cells in their nests. However, unlike the Anthidiini some of these bees 

 utilize mud for cell construction, but none is known to use plant down for this purpose. Some of 

 the species live in colonies (e.g., certain Chalicodoma and Osmia) which are communal and even 

 possibly quasisocial, but the majority of the species are solitary. Most of the species appropriate 

 a wide variety of pre-existing holes and cavities of all sorts in which to make their nests, but 

 some of them do excavate their own tunnels in the ground. In some classifications the tribe 

 Megachilini is divided into two subtribes, the Osmiini (arolium present) and the Megachilini 

 (arolium absent). 



Taxonomy: Michener, 1941. Amer. Midland Nat. 26: 147-167 (partial generic revision). 

 — Michener, 1944. Amer. Nat. 78: 257-266, 1 fig. (distribution of osmiine bees of the N. 

 Amer. deserts). — Hurd and Michener, 1955. Calif. Ins. Survey Bui. 3: 1-248, 141 figs., 112 

 maps (Calif, spp. except of Osmia, Megachile, and Coelioxys). —Michener and Sokal, 1957. 

 Evolution 11: 130-162, 15 figs., 4 tables (genera of Hoplitis complex). —Sokal and 

 Michener, 1958. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 38: 1409-1438 (statistical evaluation of systematic 

 relationships in the Hoplitis complex). —Michener, 1962. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 70: 17-29 

 (classification of bees commonly placed in the genus Megachile). —Mitchell, 1962. N. C. 

 Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 48-232, figs. 1, 15-66, tables 3-7 (eastern U. S. spp.). 

 —Rubin, 1966. Syst. Zool. 15: 169-182, 3 tables (homogeneous groups in the Hoplitis 

 complex). —Michener and Sokal, 1966. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 59: 1211-1217, 5 figs, 

 (phenetic similarities in the Hoplitis complex). —Sokal and Michener, 1967. Linn. Soc. 

 London, Proc. 178: 59-74 (effects of different numerical techniques on the phenetic 

 classification of the Hoplitis complex). 



Biology: Eickwort, 1975. Evolution 29: 142-150, 1 fig., 2 tables (evolution of parasitism and 

 sociality in Hoplitis). 



Genus HERIADES Spinola 



The bees of this genus nest in small holes, such as those made by emerging beetles in old logs, 

 dead branches, and pine cones. Insofar as known, the species are polylectic and have rather long 

 seasons of flight. 



Revision: Michener, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 514-531 (Amer. spp.). —Hurd and 

 Michener, 1955. Calif. Ins. Survey, Bui. 3: 11-24, pis. 3, 12, figs. 7-16, maps 2-7 (Calif, spp.). 

 -Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 48-52, figs. 1, 15, table 3 (eastern U. 

 S. spp.). 



Genus HERIADES Subgenus HERIADES Spinola 



Heriades Spinola, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae, v. 2, p. 7. 



Type-species: Apis truncorum Linnaeus. Desig. by Latreille, 1810. 

 Trypetes Schenck, 1859. Nassau. Ver. f. Naturk. Jahrb. 14: 32. Preocc. 



