Superfamily APOIDEA 2051 



Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 63: 175-206, pis. XII-XIII (Part VII, treats Nearctic spp. of the 

 subgenus Sayapis). -Mitchell, 1937. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 63: 381-426, pis. XXVI-XXIX 

 (Part VIII, treats Nearctic spp. of the subgenus Chelostomoides; addenda and inde.\ to 

 Parts I-VIII). 



Taxonomy: Michener, 1962. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 70: 17-29 (classification). —Mitchell, 1962. 

 N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 108-191, figs. 1, 36-62, tables 5-6 (eastern U. S. spp.). 

 — Pasteels, 1965. Mus. Royal 1' Afrique Centr., Ann. Sci. Zool. 137: ix, 579 pp. 

 (classification). —Butler, 1965. Ariz. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 187: 1-19 (Ariz. spp.). 



— Michener, 1965. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 130: 185-186 (classification). — Medler and 

 Lussenhop, 1968. Wis. Univ. Res. Bui. 274: 1-80 (Wis. spp.). —Stephen, Bohart and Torchio, 

 1969. The biology and external morphology of bees, pp. 53-54 (classification). 



Biology: Hobbs and Lilly, 1954. Ecology 35: 453-462 (alfalfa pollination in southern Alberta). 



— Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees, pp. 320-337, pi. 19, figs. 92-97; pi. 20, figs. 

 98-100 (life histories, nest associates). —Holm and Skou, 1972. Ent. Scandinavica 3: 

 169-180, 6 figs., 8 tables (nesting habits, parasites). — Hurd and Linsley, 1975. Smithsn. 

 Contrib. Zool. 193: 37-38 {Larrea visiting spp.). 



Morphology: Mitchell, 1935. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 61: 3-9 (male sternites and genital 

 armature). —Pasteels and Pasteels, 1971. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 273: 1481-1483 

 (tergal glands). 



Genus MEGACHILE Subgenus LITOMEGACHILE Mitchell 



Megachile subg. Litomegacliile Mitchell, 1934. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 59: 301, 308. 

 Type-species: Megachile brevis Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 brevis brevis Say. U. S. and south. Canada. Ecology: Nests in a wide variety of situations 



including within dead plant stalks of Ambrosia trifida, Cirsiion, Helianthus annuiis, H. 

 tuberosa, Venionia interior, Zea tnays, in a rolled leaf of Eupatori urn perfoliatnin, 

 among green leaves of Erigeron canadensis, among rocks and under dried cow chips, in 

 a termite tunnel, and in various burrows and holes in the soil. Parasite: Anthrax 

 irroratus Say, Coelioxys novo7)iexicana Ckll., C. octoderitata Say, C. salinaria Ckll., C. 

 sayi Robt., Leucospis affinis Say, Nemognatha nigripennis Lee Pollen: Polylectic, visits 

 a wide variety of flowers especially Compositae, Leguminosae and Labiatae; visitation 

 records include Abutilon, Acerates, Althaea rosea, Aniorpha, Apios, Asclepias eriocarpa, 

 Aster canescens. Astragalus, Baptisia, Bidens laevis, Blephilia, Boltonia, Brauneria, 

 Campanula, Cassia, Ceanothus, Cephalanthus, Chaenactis glabriuscula, Chamacrista 

 fasciculata. Chrysanthemum, Chrysothamnus, Cicuta, Clarkia boftae. Convolvulus 

 occidentalis. Coreopsis lanceolata, Comus, Crotalaria, Croton califomicus, Cryptantha 

 intermedia, Cuscuta, Cynoglossum, Desmodium, Dianthera, Encelia farinosa, 

 Engelmania, Erechthites, Erigeron stenophyllus, Eryngium, Eupatorium, Fayopynim, 

 Frankenia grandiflora, Gaillardia pulchella, Galactia, Geranium maculatum, Gerardia, 

 Gilia, Gossypium, Grindelia elata, Gutierrezia californica, G. sarothrae, Haplopappus 

 palmeri, H. vemwnioides, Helenium, Helianthus annuus, Heliopsis, Heliotropium 

 curassavicum, Hemizonia fasciculata, Hieracium, Heterotheca grandiflora. Hibiscus, 

 Hydrophyllum, Hypericum perfoliatum, Ivipatieiis, Koellia, Krigia, Kuhnistera, 

 Lactuca, Lepidospartum squamatu^)!, Linaria, Lippia, Lobelia, Lotus scoparius, 

 Lupinus parryi, Lycopus, Lythrum, Marruhium vulgare, Medicago saliva, Melilotus 

 alba, Mentha piperita, Nepeta, Nutilla stricta, Oenothera, Onobrychis, Penstemon, 

 Petalostemon compactus, Phacelia distans, P. heterophylla, P. ramosissima, Phaseolus, 

 Phyla lanceolata, P. uodiflora rosea, Physostegia, Pluchea camphorata, Polygala, 

 Polygonum auberti, Psoralea, Psoralioides, Pycnanthemum, Rhus, Rosa, Rubus, 

 Rudbeckia hirta, Ruellia, Sabatia, Saggittaria, Salix lasiolepis. Salvia, Schinus molle, 

 Scutellaria, Senecio, Sidalcea reticulata, Silphiuru, Solidago canadensis, Sphaeralcea 

 fasciculata, Stachys, Stephanomeria exigua, S. virgata, Strophostyles, Suriana, 

 Tephrosia, Tecrium, Tradescantia, Trifolium pratense, T. repens. Verbena, Verbesina, 

 Vicia. 



Megachile brevis Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 407. 6, 9. 



Megachile lanuginosa Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 190. 9, i. 



/Megachile nupta Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 268. V. 



