Superfamily APOIDEA 2057 



Biology: Medler and Koerber, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 337-344, 3 figs, (life history, 

 parasite). —Koerber and Medler, 1958. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 47: 56 (life 

 history, parasite). 



Genus MEGACHILE Subgenus EUTRICHARAEA Thomson 



Megachile subg. Eutricharaea Thomson, 1872. Hym. Scand., v. 2, p. 228. 



Type-species: Apis argentata Fabricius. Monotypic. 

 Megachile subg. Paramegachile Friese, 1898. Termesz. Fus. 21: 198. 



Type-species: Apis argentata Fabricius. Desig. by Mitchell, 1934. 

 Megachile subg. Paramegalochila Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 71. Emend. 

 Androgynella Cockerell, 1911. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7: 313. 



Type-species: Megachile detersa Cockerell. Monotypic and orig. desig. 

 Megachile subg. Neoeutricharaea Rebmann, 1967. Ent. Ztschr. (N. S.) 17: 36. 



Type-species: Megachile rotundata (F.). Orig. desig. (name of type-species placed 

 originally in quotation marks). 



Taxonomy: Rebmann, 1967. Ent. Ztschr. (n. s.) 77: 33-38. — Hurd, 1967. Ent. Medd. 35: 3-10. 

 — Rebmann, 1967. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (n. s.) 15: 21-48. —Rebmann, 1967. Ent. Ztschr. 77: 

 169-171. 



Biology: Parker, Torchio, Nye and Pedersen, 1976. Jour. Apicult. Res. 15: 89-92 (field-cage 

 studies). 



apicalis Spinola. Canada, N. J., Va. Presumably introduced from Europe. Pollen: Unknown, but 

 visits flowers of Centaurea cyanus. 



Megachile apicalis Spinola, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae, v. 2, p. 259. 9. 



Megachile mixta Costa, 1863. Accad. delle Sci. Fis. e Mat. Napoli, Atti 1 (2): 44. 9. 



Megachile diitiidiati-ventris Dours, 1873. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 1: 300. 9. 



Megachile virginiana Mitchell, 1926. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 52: 113. 9. 

 concinna Smith. Holarctic; Pa. and Ohio south to Fla. and Ala., Kans., Okla., Ariz., Nev., Calif., 

 Utah, Wash.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests in borings in wood. Presumably introduced from 

 West Indies after World War II and was probably introduced from Africa into the West 

 Indies during the early part of the nineteenth century. Parasite: Anthrax cintalapa 

 Cole, Coelioxys moesta Cress., Nemognatha lurida LeC, Tetrastichus megachilidis 

 Burks. Pollen: Polylectic, visits a variety of native and introduced flowers including 

 Acacia, Asclepias, Aster, Bacchayis, Bidens, Centromadia pungens. Citrus, Croton 

 califomicus, Euphorbia albomarginata, Heliotropium curassavicmn, Hemizonia 

 pungens, Ipomoea, Lepidium, Lippia, Lotus purshianus, Medicago saliva, Melilotus 

 alba, M. indica, Onobrychis vicaefolia. Polygonum aubertii, Prosopis, Raphanus 

 sativus, Senecio, Sicyos, Tamanx, Trifolium repens, Veriionia, Wislizenia refracta. 

 Predator: Trogodenna sp. 



Megachile concinna Smith, 1879. Descr. n. spp. Hym., p. 79. 9. 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 121-122, fig. 39 

 (redescription, other possible synonyms). 



Biology: Butler and Wargo, 1963. Pan-Pacific Ent. 39: 201-206, 1 fig. (life history, nest 

 architecture, parasite, predator). —Butler and Ritchie, 1965. Pan-Pacific Ent. 41: 153-157 

 (life history, pollination). — Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees, pp. 326-327 (life 

 history, nest architecture, predator). 

 pacifica (Panzer). Holarctic; Mass. to Va., west to B. C, Wash., Oreg. and Calif. Ecology: 



Nests in borings in wood as well as in a wide variety of native and artificial burrows. 

 Presumably introduced some time during or just after World War II; also adventive in 

 S. Amer. (Chile and Argentina). Parasite: Coelioxys funeraria Sm., C. gilensis Ckll, C. 

 moesta Cress., C. novomexicana Ckll., C. octodentata Say, C. sodalis Cress., Dibrachys 

 maculipennis Szelenyi, Melittobia acasta Walker, M. hawaiiensis Perkins, 

 Monodontomerus montivagus Ashm., M. obscurus Westw., Sapyga pujnila Cress., 

 Tetrastichus albipes Crosby. Pollen: Polylectic, visits a wide variety of both native and 

 introduced flowers and is an exceptionally valuable pollinator of alfalfa; visitation 

 records include Asclepias, Centromadia pungens, Cichorium intybus. Cosmos, 



