2204 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 

 Taxonomy: Plath, 1934. Bumblebees and their ways, p. 160 (life history). 



Genus BOMBUS Subgenus FERVIDOBOMBUS Skorikov 



Fervidobombus Skorikov, 1922. Sta. Region. Protect. Plantes, Petrograd Bui. 4: 153. 

 Type-species: Apis fervida Fabricius. Desig. by Prison, 1927. 



This subgenus is found only in the New World and contains representatives in North and 

 South America. 



Biology: Hobbs, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 33-39 (ecology of south. Alta. spp.). 

 californicus Smith. B. C. and Alta., south to Calif., Ariz, and N. Mex.; Mexico (Baja California 

 and Sonora). Parasite: Psitliynis insularis (Sm.), P. suckleyi (Greene). 

 Bojnbus californicus Smith, 1854. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 2. p. 400. 9. 

 Bombus diibins Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 97. ?. 



Bombus consanguineus Handlirsch, 1888. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus., Ann. 3: 239. 9,6, $. 

 Bombus neglect ulus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 124. 9,5. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 32-39, figs.'2, 8, map 3 



(redescription, variation in color patterns, geogr. records, as californicus californicus and 



c. cojisanguineus). — Milliron, 1973. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 89: 155-160, map 17 (tax. 



status, synonymy, redescription, geogr. records, asfervidus californicus). 

 fervidus fervidus (Fabricius). Que. and N. B. south to Ga., west to B. C, Wash., Oreg. and 

 Calif.; Mexico (Chihuahua). Parasite: Brachicorna sarcophagina (Twns.), Melittobia 

 chalybii Ashm., Spherularia bombi Dufour. Predator: Pkilanthus bicinctus (Mickel). 

 Another subspecies, Bo7ubus fer-vidus sonomae Howard, occurs in Mexico. 



Apis fervida Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 274. 9. 



Apis alata Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 274. 



Bombus elatus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 352. Emend. 



Bombus fervidus var. dorsalis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 230. 9. 



Bombus nevadensis race aztecus Cockerell, 1899. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 4: 389. 9. 



Bombus fervidus var. umbraticollis Friese, 1931. Konowia 10: 301. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 27-32, figs. 2, 7, map 2 

 (redescription, variation in color patterns, geogr. records). —Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 523-524, fig. 130, table 18 (redescription, geogr. range, floral 

 records). — Medler, 1965. Xllth Internatl. Congr. Ent., Proc. 1964: 388-389 (size variation 

 in worker caste). —Milliron, 1973 Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 89: 147-155, pi. XIII, map 16 

 (synonymy, tax. status, redescription, geogr. and floral records). 



Biology: Fairchild and Barrett, 1906. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 8: 13-14, 1 pi. (copulation). 



—Plath, 1922. Psyche 29: 180-187 (defense). —Plath, 1922. Psyche 29: 198-200 (Hfe history). 



—Plath, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 191 (hibernation). — Bequaert, 1932. Brooklyn Ent. 



Soc, Bui. 27: 151 (arboreal nest). —Plath, 1934. Bumblebees and their ways, p. 166 (life 



history, parasite). — Townsend, 1936. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 38: 92-98 (parasite). 



— Armitage, 1965. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 38: 97 (predator). —Milliron, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 



1321-1332 (artificially induced hibernation). 

 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus (Degeer). Que. and Ont., south to Fla., west to Minn., S. Dak., 

 Nebr., Colo, and N. Mex.; Mexico and possibly Central America. Parasite: Brachicovia 

 sarcophagina (Twns.), Physocephala sagittaria (Say), Psithyrus insularis (Sm.), P. 

 variabilis (Cress.), Splierularia bombi Dufour. Predator: Mallophora bomboides (Wied.). 



Apis pensylvanica Degeer, 1773. Mem. Serv. Hist, des Ins., v. 3, p. 575. 9. 



Apis americanorum Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 380. 



Apis antiguensis Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 380. 9. 



^Apis nidulans Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 274. S. 



Bombus pallidus Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 92. 9. 



Bombus pennsylvanicus Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 94. Emend. 



Psithyrus cevalliae Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 157. 6. 



Bombus americana Howard, 1901. The insect book, pi. 1, figs. 30, 31. Lapsus calami. 



Bombus titusi Ashmead, 1902. Ent. News 13: 50. 6. 



Bombus pennsylvanicus var. umbratus Friese, 1931. Konowia 10: 301. 



