Superfamily APOIDEA 2205 



Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1087, figs. 248-253 (larva, as 

 awericcuiomni). —Moure, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 151-152 (synonymy, notes on type of 

 antiguensis). -Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. E.xpt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 524-526, figs. 130, 131, 

 table 18 (synonymy, redescription, geogr. range, floral records). — Mililron, 1973. Ent. Soc. 

 Canada, Mem. 89: 190-196, pi. XIII, map 25 (synonymy, tax. status, redescription, geogr. 

 and floral records). 



Biology: Prison, 1921. Canad. Ent. 53: 100 (parasite). — Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 

 24: 40 (life history). -Rau, 1924. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 17: 368-381 (hibernation, as 

 americaiioruni). — Plath, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 190 (hibernation, as 

 americanorum). -Prison, 1930. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 23: 644-665 (life history, as 

 amerkaiionim). —Rau, 1934. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 28: 223 (life history, as 

 aviericanoruvi). -Plath, 1934. Bumblebees and their ways, p. 163 (life history, as 

 americanorum). —Rau, 1937. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 32: 61 (nest-founding, as 

 amerkanornm). — Brower, Brower and Westcott, 1960. Amer. Nat. 94: 343-355 (mimicry 

 experimentation, as aniericanoruni). — Milliron, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1330-1331 

 (hibernation). 



pennsylvanicus sonorus Say. Tex., west to Calif.; Mexico. Parasite: Physocephala burgessi 

 (Will), P. texana (Will). 

 Bo))ibi(s sonorus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 413. 9. 

 Boinbus sonorus flavodorsalis Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 409. 9, 5. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 40-43, fig. 9, map. 4 



(synonymy, redescription, geogr. records, as sonorus). —Milliron, 1973. Ent. Soc. Canada, 

 Mem. 89: 196-201, map 26 (tax. status, redescription, geogr. and floral records). 



Biology: Ryckman, 1953. Pan-Pacific Ent. 29: 144 (parasite). — Hurd and Linsley, 1975. 

 Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 193: 48 (floral relationships). 



Unplaced Taxon in Bombus 



Bombus praticola Kirby, 1837. Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 274. This may be the correct name 

 for Bombus pleuralis Nylander. 



Genus PSITHYRUS Lepeletier 



Psitliyrus Lepeletier, 1832. Soc. Ent. Prance, Ann. 1: 372. 



Type-species: Apis rupesiris Pabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1833. 

 Apathus Newman, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 404, footnote. 



Type-species: Apis rupestris Pabricius. Autobasic with Psithyrus; name proposed 

 to replace Psitliijrus, thought to be preoccupied by Psithyros Hubner, 1819. 

 Psithyrus subg. Ashtonipsitliyrus Prison, 1927. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 53: 69. 



Type-species: Apathus ashfoni Cresson. Orig. desig. 

 Psithyrus subg. Fer)ialdaepsithyrns Prison, 1927. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 53: 70. 



Type-species: Psithyrus fernaldae Franklin. Orig. desig. 

 Psithyrus subg. Eopsithyrus Popov, 1931. Eos 7: 134. 



Type-species: Psithyrus tibeta)ius (Morawitz). Orig. desig. 

 Psithyrus subg. Metapsithyrus Popov, 1931. Eos 7: 135. 



Type-species: Psithyrus campestris (Panzer). Orig. desig. 

 Psithyrus subg. Allopsithyrus Popov, 1931. Eos 7: 136. 



Type-species: Psithyrus barbatellus (Kirby). Orig. desig. 

 Psithyrus subg. Ceratopsithyrus Pittioni, 1949. Eos 25: 271. 



Type-species: Psithyrus klapperichi Pittioni. Orig. desig. and Monotypic. 



The genus Psithyrus contains a few species of obligate social parasites on the members of the 

 genus Bombus. They closely resemble the species of Bombus, but lack the worker caste, and the 

 queens lack pollen-collecting baskets on the hind legs. 



Taxonomy: Prison, 1919. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 12: 157-165 (111. spp.). —Prison, 1923. 

 Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 48: 307-326 (synonymy, tax. characters, geogr. records). -Prison, 

 1926. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 52: 129-145 (synonymy, tax. characters, geogr. records). 

 — Prison, 1927. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 53: 51-78, pis. XVI-XVII (systematic relationships 



