Superfamily APOIDEA 2207 



Psithynis cons7iltus Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 459. 6. 

 Psithynis crawfordi Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 464. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Frison, 1923. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 48: 321-322 (synonymy). —Mitchell, 1962. N. 

 C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 542-543, table 18 (redescription). 



Biology: Sladen, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 84 (host). — Plath, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 191 

 (hibernation, host). —Plath, 1934. Bumblebees and their ways, p. 173 (life history, hosts). 

 —Craig, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 311-312 (host). 

 suckleyi (Greene). Alaska, south to Calif., Utah and Colo. Host: Bombus appositus Cress., B. 

 califomiciis Sm., B. nevadeyisis nevadensis Cress., B. rufocinctus Cress., B. terricola 

 occidentalis Greene, B. t. terricola Kby. 

 Bombus suckleyi Greene, 1860. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., Ann. 7: 169. 6. 

 Psithynis latitarsus Morrill, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 224. 9 . 



Taxonomy: Frison. 1926. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 52: 144 (synonymy). 

 variabilis (Cresson). Ohio south to Fla., west to N. Dak., S. Dak., Nebr. Kan., Okla., Tex. and 

 N. Mex.; Mexico (Orizaba). Host: Bombus pennsylvanictcs (Deg.). 

 Apathus variabilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 284. 9,6. 

 Psithynis bicolor Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 460. 9. 



Taxonomy: Frison, 1923. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 48: 322 (synonymy). —Mitchell, 1962. N. C. 

 Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 543-544, fig. 134, table 18 (redescription). 



Biology: Frison, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 46-47 (habits, host). —Frison, 1921. Canad. 

 Ent. 53: 100 (host). —Webb, 1961. North Central Branch, Ent. Soc. Amer., Proc 16: 16 

 (habits). 



Subfamily APINAE 



The subfamily contains two tribes, the Meliponini and the Apini of which only the latter is 

 represented in America north of Mexico by the introduced European honeybee. The members of 

 this subfamily are all highly eusocial and live in perennial colonies. 



Tribe APINI 



The tribe includes only the genus Apis which prior to the activities of man was indigenous to 

 Africa, Eurasia, Japan, Formosa, the Philippines and Indonesia. One of its species, the common 

 honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) has been successfully introduced into the Western Hemi- 

 sphere and many areas of the Old World beyond its original range (Africa, Europe, and western 

 Asia). 



Taxonomy: Maa, 1953. Treubia 21: 525-640 (classification). — Ruttner, 1968. In Chauvin, 

 Traite de biologie de I'abeille, Paris, Masson et cie 1: 27-44 (review of included spp. and 

 races). 



Biology: Michener, 1974. The Social Behavior of the Bees, chapter 30: 347-366 (natural 

 history). 



Morphology: Cruz-Landim, 1974. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 71: 2-31 (evolution of wax and scent 

 glands). 



Genus APIS Linnaeus 



Apis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 343. 



Type-species: Apis mellifera Linnaeus. Desig. by Latreille, 1810. (=Apis mellifica 

 Linnaeus). 

 Apicula Rafinesque, 1814. Principles fondamentaux de somiologie, Palermo, p. 29. N. name, 



proposed unnecessarily to replace Apis Linnaeus. 

 Apianis Rafinesque, 1815. Analyse Nature ou Tabl. Univers, Palermo, p. 123. N. name, 



proposed unnecessarily to replace Apis Linnaeus. 

 Megapis Ashmead, 1904. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 6: 120. 



Type-species: Apis dorsata Fabricius. Orig. desig. 

 Micrapis Ashmead, 1904. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 6: 122. 



