2130 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Biology: MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 70: 31-34, 45, fig. 8 (floral 

 relationships). 

 venusta venusta (Timberlake). Calif., Ariz., Nev.; Mexico (Baja California). Pollen: Apparently 

 oligolectic on Camissonia clavaefortnis, but visits other flowers evidently for nectar 

 including Larrea tridentata, Sphaeralcea orcuttii. 

 Tetralonia venusta Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 209. 9,6. 



Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 20, 46 (behavior, 

 floral relationships). —Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1964. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 77 

 (behavior, floral relationships). —MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. 

 Ent. 70: 30, fig. 8 (floral relationships). — Hurd and Linsley, 1975. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 

 193: 43 (floral relationships). 

 virgata Cockerell. Oreg., Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Astragalus pomonensis, 

 Brodiaea capitata, Cirsium, Phacelia, Pogogyne parviflora, Rhododendron, Trichostema 

 lanata. 

 Synhalonia belfragei virgata Cockerell, 1905. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 4: 100. 9 . 

 zonata Timberlake. Oreg., Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Amsinckia intermedia, 

 Cryptantka, Lupinus na7ius, Nemophila menziesii, Plagiobothrys. 

 Synhalonia zonata Timberlake, 1969. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 57: 68, figs. 79, 80. 9, cJ. 



Genus SYNTRICHALONIA LaBerge 



Syntrichalonia LaBerge, 1957. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1837: 10. 



Type-species: Melissodes exquisita Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig. 

 exquisita (Cresson). Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (D. P., Durango, Jalisco and Zacatecas). 

 Pollen: Oligolege, principally composite tribes Helenieae and Heliantheae including 

 Encelia, Helenium hoopesii, H elianthtis annuus, Heliopsis parviflora, Verbesina 

 encelioides, V. oreophila, Viguiera dentata, but visits other flowers for nectar. 

 Melissodes exquisita Cresson, 1878. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 213. 9. 

 Melissodes herricki Cockerell, 1905. Psyche 12: 98. 6, 9 . 



Biology: Zavortink, 1975. Pan-Pacific Ent. 51: 240-242, table 3 (host plants, behavior, 

 distribution). 



Genus EUCERA Scopoli 



Eucera Scopoli, 1770. Annus Hist. Nat., v. 4, p. 8. 



Type-species: Apis longicomis Linnaeus. Desig. by Latreille, 1810. 

 maculata Lepeletier. America. No doubt exotic or incorrectly assigned to Eucera. 

 Eucera maculata Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 129. 9. 



Genus XENOGLOSSA Smith 



The bees of this North and Central American genus are dependent solely upon the pollen and 

 to a large extent upon the nectar of both cultivated and uncultivated Cucurbita (squashes, 

 gourds and pumpkins). Like the species of the genus Peponapis, the males commonly spend 

 most of the day and a good part of the night in the wilted and closed flowers of these plants. At 

 the beginning of the season and before nesting activities are commenced it is also not unusual to 

 encounter females in the wilted and closed flowers. The pollen collecting devices of the species 

 are species-specific and apparently this has influenced the ability of the different species to col- 

 lect and utilize pollens of various Cucurbita, both wild and domestic. These bees are excep- 

 tionally valuable pollinators of the squashes, gourds and pumpkins. 



Revision: Hurd and Linsley, 1964. Hilgardia 35: 384-425, figs. 1-11 (U. S. spp.). —Hurd and 

 Linsley, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 988-1007, 19 figs., 2 tables, 5 maps (North and 

 Centr. Amer. spp.). —Hurd and Linsley, 1970. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 62: 1-39, 11 figs. 4 

 tables, 3 maps (classification). 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 246-249, figs. 73-74 (eastern 

 U. S. spp.). — Rozen, 1965. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2233: 6-11, figs. 1-19 (larva). 



