Superfamily APOIDEA 2199 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 109-113, fig. 22, map 10 

 (redescription, geogr. and floral records). 



Biology: Linsley and Michener, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 29 (nest, vernal flights). 



Morphology: Heinrich, 1974. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 47: 396-404, 3 figs, (pheromone induced 

 brooding behavior). 

 flavifrons dimidiatus Ashmead. South. B. C. to Calif. 



Bombus dimidiatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 129. 9,5. 

 Bombns avibiguus Franklin, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 159. 9, 9. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 85-87, 92-95, map 11 

 (synonymy, tax. status, redescription, geogr. records). 

 flavifrons flavifrons Cresson. Alaska south to Calif., Idaho and Utah. Parasite: Psithyrus 

 insularis (Smith). Predator: Philanthus bicinctus (Mickel). 

 Bombus flavifrons Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 105. 9,6, 5. 

 Bombus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 128. 9,5. 

 Bombus flavifrons var. veganus Cockerell, 1903. Amer. Nat. 37: 891. S. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 85-92, fig. 18, map. 11 

 (redescription, geogr. records). 



Biology: Sladen, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 84 (parasite). — Armitage, 1965. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 

 38: 97 (predator). 



Morphology: Milliron, 1962. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 57: 45-46 (gynandromorph). 

 frigidus Smith. Alaska and N. W. T., south at high elevations to Colo. 



Bombus frigidus Smith, 1854. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 399. 9, d. 

 Bombus caniei Greene, 1860. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y., Ann. 7: 170. 9. 

 Bombus couperi Cresson, 1878. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. p. 185. 9. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 124-126, fig. 25 (synonymy, 



redescription, geogr. range). 

 frigidus var. alboanalis Franklin. Man., Alaska. 



Bombus alboanalis Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 385. 9,5. 

 huntii Greene. B. C. and Alta., south to Calif., Nev., Utah and N. Mex. 



Bombus huntii Greene, 1860. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y., Ann. 7: 172. 9. 



Bombus rufosuffusus Cockerell, 1905. Ent. News 16: 271. 9. 



Taxonomy: Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 135-139, fig. 28, map 17 

 (synonymy, redescription, geogr. records). 



Biology: Medler, 1959. Ent. News 70: 179-182 (nest). 

 impatiens Cresson. Ont. and Maine, south to Fla., west to Mich., Ill, Kans. and Miss. Parasite: 

 Psithyrus citrinus (Smith). Predator: Mallophora orcina (Wied.). 

 Bombus impatiens Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 90. 6. 

 Bombus impatiens var. deayi Chandler, 1956 (1955). Ind. Acad. Sci., Proc. 65: 116. 9. 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 532-533, fig. 133, table 18 

 (synonymy, redescription, floral records). 



Biology: Plath, 1922. Psyche 29: 195-197 (life history). — Plath, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 

 20: 187-188, 189 (hibernation). -Frison, 1929. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 24: 261-285 

 (bionomics). — Fattig, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 119-120 (asilid predation). —Plath, 1934. 

 Bumblebees and their ways, p. 144 (life history). — Townsend, 1951. Ent. News 62: 115-116 

 (hibernation). 

 melanopygus Nylander. Alaska, south to north. Calif., Idaho and Colo. Predator: Philanthus 

 bicinctus (Mickel). 

 Bombus melanopyge Nylander, 1848. Notiser Sallskapet Fauna Fenn., Forhandl. 1: 236. cJ 

 ^Bombus menestriesii Radoszkowski, 1859. Soc Nat. Moscou, Bui. 32: 483. 9,6. 

 Bombus lacustris Cresson, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 103. 9, i, 5. 

 Bremus melanopygus var. washingtonensis Frison, 1926. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 52: 138. 

 9, 5. 



