2082 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Anthophorinae which are chiefly pollen-collecting species, and the Xylocopinae which are also 

 largely pollen-collecting bees. Apart from the cleptoparasites, most anthophorids make their 

 nests in the ground although the majority of the Xylocopinae and some others (e.g., Clisodon) 

 nest in wood of various sorts. While many and perhaps most of the pollen-collecting 

 anthophorids are clearly polylectic in their intrafloral relationships, a number of species as well 

 as certain groups of species (e.g., Melitomini, Peponapis, Xenoglossa, etc.) have established an 

 oligolectic relationship with the flora. 



There are more than two dozen tribes of anthophorid bees and, with the exception of the 

 Palaearctic Ammobatoidini and Ancylini, all of these tribes either contain representatives in the 

 New World (11 tribes) or are found only here (14 tribes). Of the tribes found in the New World 

 only the Neotropical Caenoprosopidini, Canephorulini, Eucerinodini, Osirini, Rathymini and 

 Tetrapediini are not known to be present in America north of Mexico. 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 233-512, figs. 67-127, tables 

 8-17 (eastern U. S. spp.). 



Subfamily NOMADINAE 



This is a very large, diverse and widespread group of cleptoparasitic bees being found on all 

 the continents and many of the islands. It is especially well represented in the Holarctic, 

 Ethiopian, and Neotropical regions. Members of this subfamily are parasitic in the nests of all 

 families of bees, except the Megachilidae (including the Fideliinae) and the Apidae. All the spe- 

 cies of some genera (e.g., Epeolus, Neolarra and Triopasites) are apparently parasitic only in 

 the nests of certain genera of pollen-collecting bees. However, the more usual pattern is that a 

 particular genus (e.g., Nomada and Triepeolus) has established through its component species a 

 broad spectrum of host relationships involving several genera or families of host bees. 



The subfamily contains nearly a dozen tribes and all except the Ammobatoidini, 

 Caenoprosopidini and the Osirini are endemic to or represented in the Nearctic Region. 



This subfamily occupies an anomalous position within the family Anthophoridae and perhaps 

 would be better considered as an independent family, a status formerly accorded this group by 

 Linsley and Michener (1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 265-305, pis. XV-XVIII). Subsequently 

 it has generally been recognized and treated alternatively as a number of independent tribes as- 

 signable either to the subfamily Anthophorinae (e.g., Michener, 1944. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 

 82: 270-271) or to the subfamily Nomadinae in the family Anthophoridae (e.g., Michener, 1974. 

 The social behavior of bees, Chapter 2, fig. 2.2). The limits of several tribes are imperfectly 

 known (e.g., Epeolini, Osirini, etc.) and therefore a thorough reevaluation of the position and 

 classification of these cleptoparasitic bees treated here as a subfamily of the Anthophoridae is 

 clearly indicated. Superficially at least, it appears that these bees bear the same relationship 

 within the superfamily Apoidea as do the Sapygidae within the superfamUy Scolioidea. 



Revision: Linsley and Michener, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 265-305 (classification). 



Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 338-437, figs. 98-107, tables 

 11-13 (eastern U. S. spp.). — Rozen, 1966. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2244: 1-38, 83 figs, (larva). 



Tribe BIASTINI 



Included in this tribe are two genera, Biastes which occurs in the Palaearctic Region and 

 Neopasites which is found only in the Nearctic Region. 



Taxonomy: Rozen, 1966. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2244: 33-36, figs. 72-78 (larva). 



Genus NEOPASITES Ashmead 

 Revision: Linsley, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 141 (as Gnathopasites). 

 Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1067, figs. 180-185 (larva). 



Genus NEOPASITES Subgenus NEOPASITES Ashmead 



Neopasites Ashmead, 1898. Psyche 8: 284. 



Type-species: Phileremus fulviventris Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig. 

 Gnathopasites Linsley and Michener, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 272. 



Type-species: Phileremus fulviventris Cresson. Orig. desig. 



