Superfamily APOIDEA 2183 



The majority of the species included in this subgenus occur in Asia and Europe, but a few spe- 

 cies are present in northern Africa. The species listed below is adventive, having been inadver- 

 tently introduced into California where it is successfully established. 



Taxonomy: Hirashima, Moure and Daly, In Hirashima, 1971. Faculty Agr. Kyushu Univ., 

 Jour. 16: 369-371, figs. 18-20 (descr., synopsis). 

 dallatorreana Friese. South. Europe and N. Africa; Calif. Successfully adventive in Calif. 



(Central Valley). Parasite: Aprostocetics americanus Ashm., Eurytoma apiculae Bugbee, 

 Grotea califomica Cress. Pollen: Presumably polylectic, visits flowers of Centaurea 

 solstitialis, Convolvulus arve7isis, Cucurbita, Melilotus officinalis in Calif. 

 Ceratina dallatorreana Friese, 1896. Termesz. Fusetek, 19: 38, 50. d, 9. 



Biology: Daly, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 1138-1154, 17 figs., 5 tables (nest, floral 

 records, immature stages, life history). 



Tribe XYLOCOPINI 



This tribe consists of generally large to very large, robust, pollen-collecting bees which occur 

 on all the continents and many of the islands. Included are three genera, Lestis with two species 

 in gSstern Australia, Proxylocopa with 22 members centered in the more arid parts of the 

 southwestern Palaearctic Region and Xylocopa with more than 600 nominal forms, the majority 

 of which are found in the Ethiopian and Neotropical Regions. 



Even though most members of this tribe {Lestis and Xylocopa) construct their nests in a wide 

 variety of usually dead plant materials, one group of species {Proxylocopa), insofar as known, 

 make their nests in the ground. 



Revision: Kurd and Moure, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 29: 1-365, 244 figs., 1 frontispiece 



(classification, includes biological information). 



Genus XYLOCOPA Latreille 



Taxonomy: Ackerman, 1916. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 196-232, 1 pi. (U. S. spp.). -Kurd, 

 1955. Calif. Ins. Surv. Bui. 4: 35-72, 4 pis., 4 maps (U. S. spp.). —Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 507-511, figs. 126-127 (eastern U. S. spp.). 



Biology: Malyshev, 1931. Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Okol. der Tiere (Abt. A. der Ztschr. f. wiss. 

 Biol.). 23 (3-4): 754-809, 15 figs, (nest, life history). — Hurd, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 

 365-375, 5 figs, (nesting habits). —Hurd, 1959. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 32: 53-58, 1 fig. 

 (beefly parasitism). 



Morphology: Wille, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 539-545 (dorsal vessel). 

 Genus XYLOCOPA Subgenus XYLOCOPA Latreille 



Xilocopa Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat. Fourmis, p. 432. Name suppressed by Internatl. Comn. 



Zool. Nomencl, Op. 743, 1965. 

 Xylocopa Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., v. 3, p. 379. Name placed on Official List 



of Generic Names in Zool. by Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., Op. 743, 1965. 

 Type-species: Apis violacea Linnaeus. Desig. by Westwood, 1840. 



This subgenus occurs in the western Palaearctic. 



Genus XYLOCOPA Subgenus SCHOENHERRIA Lepeletier 



Xylocopa subg. Schoenherria Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 207. 

 Type-species: Xylocopa micans Lepeletier. Desig. by Sandhouse, 1943. 

 loripes Smith. Southeast. Ariz.; Mexico south to Honduras. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers 

 of Bouganvillea, Crotalaria. 

 Xylocopa loripes Smith, 1874. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 298. cJ. 

 Xylocopa formosa Smith, 1874. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 299. 9. 

 micans Lepeletier. Southeast. Va. to Fla., west along Gulf Coast states to Texas; Mexico 



(Tamaulipas). Ecology: Nests in sound, dead privet. Pollen: Polylectic, visits flowers of 

 Aesculus, Azalea, Bidens leucantha, Calopogon pulchellus, Carduus spinosissimus. 



