2184 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Cephalanthus, Cercidium, C haemaecrista brachiata, Cicuta, Crotalaria pumila, 

 Dalbergia ecastophyllum, Galactia, Glycine, Gossypium, Hibiscus, Ilex, Ligustrum, 

 Lythrum alatum, L. lineare, Medicago, Melilotus, Parkinsonia, Passiflora incamata, 

 Phaseolus, Philibertella clausa, Prosopis, Prunus, Rhus, Richardia, Sabal palmetto, 

 Senecio, Serenoa serrulata, Solanum bahamense, S. wendlandii, Solidago, Stachys, 

 Suriana, Verbena brasiliensis, Vemonia. 



fApis nasuta Christ, 1791. Naturg. Klassif., Nomencl. Ins. Bienen-.Wespen-, 

 Ameisengeschl., v. 8, p. 130. 



Xylocopa micans Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 208. 6. 



Xylocopa vidua Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 210. 9. 



Xylocopa purpurea Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 284. 9 . 



Biology: Hurd, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 373, fig. 4 (nest). 



Morphology: Maidl, 1912. Zool.-bot. Gesell., Verh. 62: 19-26, figs. 1-5 (gynandromorph). 



Genus XYLOCOPA Subgenus NOTOXYLOCOPA Hurd 



Xylocopa subg. Notoxylocopa Hurd, 1956. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1776: 2. 

 Type-species: Xylocopa tabaniformis Smith. Grig, desig. 



Revision: O'Brien and Hurd, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 175-196, 38 figs, (taxonomy, 

 distr., nesting substrates). 

 tabaniformis androleuca Michener. West. N. Mex. to Utah, Nev., Ariz, and south. Calif.; 



Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Ecology: Nests in structural Douglas fir timbers 

 and possibly native juniper. Pollen: Apparently polylectic, visits flowers of Asclepias, 

 Cucurbita pepo, Larrea tridentata, Oenothera parryi, Parkinsonia aculeata, Penstemon 

 barbatus, Stanleya pinnata. 

 Xylocopa orpifex androleuca Michener, 1940. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 39: 127. 6,9. 



Biology: Hurd, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 373 (nesting habits). —Hurd and Linsley, 



1975. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 193: 47 (floral relationships with Larrea tridentata). 

 tabaniformis orp'f«x Smith. Oreg., Calif.; Mexico (Baja California). Ecology: Nests in sound, 

 dead, native softwoods including Alnus rhombifolia, Juniperus, Libocedrus decurrens, 

 Populus, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron gigantea. 

 Parasite: Anthrax delila (Loew.), A. tigrinus (DeG.), Monodontomerus rnontivagus 

 Ashm., Nemognatha scutellaris Say. Pollen: Polylectic, visits a wide variety of native 

 and introduced flowers including Althaea rosea. Antirrhinum, Arctostaphylos patula, 

 Asclepias, Brassica, Ceanothus crassifolius, C. integerrimus. Oestrum, Chrysothamyius, 

 Cirsium, Citrus lemon, Clarkia breweri, C. concinna, C. elegans, C. gracilis, C. g. 

 albicaulis, C. mildrediae, C. unguiculata, Cordylanthus nevinii, Cucurbita, Delphinium, 

 Dicentra chrysantha, Diplacus auriantiacus, D. puniceus, Eriastrum virgatum, 

 Eriodictyon califomicum, Fremontia, Fuchsia, Haplopappus parishii, Isomeris arborea, 

 Larrea tridentata, Lathyrus odoratus, Lepidospartum squamatum, Lonicera japonica, 

 Lotus scoparius, Lupinus densiflorus, L. grayi, Medicago sativa, Mentzelia laevicaulis, 

 Mimulus cardinalis, Mirabilis, Monardella, Oenothera deltoides, 0. hookeri, Penstemon 

 breviflorus, P. bridgesii, P. grinnellii, P. labrosus, Phacelia davidsonii, P. distaiis, P. 

 heterophylla, P. tematus. Rhododendron occidentale, Ribes, Rubus, Salvia mellifera, 

 Solanum umbelliferum, Solidago, Stachys albens, S. ajugoides, Thermopsis 

 macrophylius, Trichostema lanceolatum, Verbascum blattaria, Wistaria, Wyethia. 



Xylocopa orpifex Smith, 1874. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 298. 9, c?. 



Xylocopa orpiferaO) Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 216. Lapsus calami. 



Xylocopa orpitexV.) Malyshev, 1931. Ztsch. Morph. Okol. Tiere (A) 23: (3-4): 788. Lapsus 

 calami. 



Biology: Davidson, 1893. Ent. News 4: 151-153 (nest, life history, parasite). — Nininger, 1916. 

 Pomona Jour. Ent. Zool. 8: 158-165 (life history, parasite). —Hurd, 1959. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 32: 54-56 (beefly parasitism). —Straw, 1956. Amer. Midland Nat. 90: 47-53 (floral 

 relationships with Penstemon). — Cruden, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 111-119, 3 figs, 

 (territorial behavior). — Marston, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 43: 116 (beefly parasitism). 



