Superfamily APOIDEA 2185 



tabaniformis parkinsoniae Cockerell. South. Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests in dead Cottonwood. 

 Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Cercidium, Citrus, Parkinsonia aculeata, 

 Verbesi7ia encelioides. Other subspecies, including typical tabaniformis, occur from 

 Mexico to Ecuador. 

 Xylocopa tabanifortnis parkinsoniae Cockerell, 1917. In W. P. Cockerell. N. Y. Ent. Sec, 

 Jour. 25: 192. 2. 



Genus XYLOCOPA Subgenus XYLOCOPOIDES Michener 



Xylocopa subg. Xylocopoides Michener, 1954. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 104: 155. 

 Type-species: Apis virginica Linnaeus. Grig, desig. 



Taxonomy: Kurd, 1961. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 87: 247-257, 2 pis. (synopsis). — Hurd and 

 Moure, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 29: 140-142 (revised keys to spp. and subspp.). 

 californica arizonensis Cresson. Tex. to south. Calif., Nev., and Utah; Mexico. Ecology: Nests 

 in sound, dead, native softwoods including Agave, Dasylirion, Nolina Yucca, but will 

 also nest in structural redwood when used for construction within its geographic range. 

 Parasite: Anthrax xylocopae Marston. Pollen: Polylectic, visits a wide variety of flowers 

 including those of Acacia angustissima, A. greggii, Agave nevadensis, Aloysia wrightii, 

 Argemone platyceras, Asclepias subverticillata, Baccharis, Bigelovia, Cercocarpus, 

 Chilopsis linearis, C. saligua, C hrysothamnus nauseosus, Cirsium, Citrus, Cleome, 

 Cryptantha oblata, Cucurbita maxima, C. mixta, C. moschata, C. pepo, Dalea albiflora. 

 Datura meteloides. Delphinium andesicola, Fendlera, Fouquieria splendens, Gaillardia 

 pulchella, Gaura coccinea, Gossypium, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Hyptis emoryi, 

 Kallstroemia grandiflora, Koeberlinia spinosa, Larrea trideyitata, Lepidospartum 

 squamatum, Lippia lycioides, Lupinus magnificus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, 

 Nama parryi, Mentzelia pumila, Parkinsonia aculeata, Penstemon, Prosopis 

 glandulosa var. torreyanum, Ratibida columnaris, Rhus laurina, R. trilobata, Robinia 

 neomexicana luxurians, Rubus, Salvia lemmoni, Senecio longilobus, S. salignus, 

 Solanum elaeagnifolium, Solidago, Sphaeralcea, Stanleya pinnata, Thurberia, Viguiera 

 longifolia, Wislizenia refracta, W. r. var. mamillata. Yucca brevifolia, Y. elata, Y. 

 whipplei. 

 Xylocopa arizonensis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 212. 9, 6. 



Biology: Hurd, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 369-371 (nest). —Hurd, 1959. Kans. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 32: 57-58 (nest, beefly parasitism). —O'Brien and O'Brien, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 

 27-29 (nest, territoriality). —Marston, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 43: 118 (beefly 

 parasitism). —Hurd and Linsley, 1975. Smithsn. Contr. Zool. 193: 47, fig. 18 (floral 

 relationships). 

 californica californica Cresson. Oreg. (Cascade Mts.), Calif. (North, Coast Ranges and Sierra 

 Nevada Mts.). Ecology: Nests in sound, dead, native softwoods including Libocedrus 

 decurrens. Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron gigantea. Pollen: Polylectic, visits 

 flowers of Aesculus californica, Agastache urticifolia, Arctostaphylos, Aesclepias 

 speciosa, Ceanothus integerriynus, Cercis Qccidentalis, C hrysothamnus, Clarkia 

 dudleyana, C. elegans, C. unguiculata, Epigonia, Epilobium angustifolium, Eriodictyon 

 califomictim, Lupinus albifrons, Medicago sativa, Mentha pulegium, Monardella 

 lanceolata, Penstemon breviflorus, P. grinnellii, Phacelia heterophylla. Ranunculus, 

 Solidago occidentalis. Yucca whipplei. 

 Xylocopa californica Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 40. 9. 

 Xylocopa amblardi Perez, 1901. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 56: 115. S. 

 Xylocopa libocedri Cockerell, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 101. 6,9. 



Biology: Crudtn, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 111-119, 3 figs, (nest, territorial and copulatory 

 behavior). 

 californica diamesa Hurd. Calif. (Centr. and south, coast ranges); Mexico (Baja California). 

 Ecology: Nests in dead floral scapes of Yucca whipplei. Pollen: Polylectic, visits 

 flowers o{ Arctostaphylos patula, Asclepias mexicana, Apocynum androsaemifolium, 

 Argemone platyceras, Ceanothus, C hrysothamnus bemardinus, C. 7iauseosus, 

 Cucurbita foetidissima, Dicentra chrysantha, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Fremontia 



