Superfamily APOIDEA 2189 



transported to other flowers of the same species, the pollinia are readily available to effect pol- 

 lination. This bee-plant (bee-flower) relationship obviously has important implications relative to 

 the evolution of orchids and these bees. 



Taxonomy: Moure, 1950. Dusenia 1: 181-200 (included genera). —Moure, 1963. Rev. Biol. 

 Tropical 11: 211-216 (tax. characters, key to included genera). —Moure, 1967. Atas 

 Simposio Biota Amazonica 5 (Zool.): 395-415 (checklist of included genera and spp.). 



Biology: Dodson and Frymire, 1961. Mo. Bot. Garden, Bui. 49: 133-152 (floral relationships). 



— Dodson and Frymire, 1961. Mo. Bot. Garden, Ann. 48: 137-172 (floral relationships). 



— Dodson, 1962. Mo. Bot. Garden, Ann. 49: 35-36 (orchid pollination). — Vogel, 1963. Osterr. 

 Bot. Ztschr. 110: 308-337 (orchid pollination). —Bennett, 1965. Ins. Sociaux 12: 81-91 (social 

 behavior). -Fiji and Dodson, 1966. Orchid flowers; their pollination and evolution, 214 pp. 

 (intrafloral relationships). —Vogel, 1966. Osterr. Bot. Ztschr. 113: 302-361 (orchid 

 pollination). -Dodson, 1966. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 607-629 (ethology). —Dressier, 1967. 

 Atas Simposio Biota Amazonica 5 (Zool): 171-180 (pollination syndrome). — Zucchi and 

 Camargo, 1969. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., ser. 6, Zool. 17: 271-380, 2 pis., 21 figs., 9 tables 

 (review of biology). —Dodson, 1970. Biochemical Coevolution, Oreg. State Univ. Press, pp. 

 83-107 (role of chemical attractants in orchid pollination). — Janzen, 1971. Science 171: 

 203-205 (long distance pollination). — Evoy and Jones, 1971. Anim. Behavior 19: 579-584 

 (motor patterns evoked in males by floral fragrances). —Bennett, 1972. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 Jour. 80: 137-145 (attraction and collection by use of baited McPhail fruitfly traps). 

 —Williams and Dodson, 1972. Evolution 26: 84-95, 4 figs., 5 tables (selective attraction of 

 males to orchid floral fragrances). — Michener, 1974. The Social Behavior of Bees, Chapter 

 21: 257-260 (natural history of orchid bees). —Dodson, 1975. hi Gilbert and Raven, 

 Coevolution of plants and animals, pp. 91-99, 2 figs, (coevolution with orchids). 



Morphology: Lanham, 1951. Pan-Pacific Ent. 27: 181-182 (jugal brush). — Cruz-Landim, Stort, 

 Costa Cruz and Kitajima, 1965. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 25: 323-342 (tibial organs of males). 



— Hills, Williams and Dodson, 1968. Amer. Orchid Soc, Bui. 37: 967-971 (identification of 

 odor compounds in orchid fragrances). —Dodson, Dressier, Hills, Adams and Williams, 

 1969. Science 164: 1243-1249 (chemical substances in orchid fragrances attractive to males). 



Genus EULAEMA Lepeletier 



Taxonomy: Moure, 1950. Dusenia 1: 181-200 (key to related genera, key to included spp., 

 synonymy and tax., bibliography of included spp.). —Moure, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 145-147 

 (Fabrician Types). —Moure, 1967. Atas Simposio Biota Amazonica 5 (Zool): 410-413, fig. 1 

 (checklist of included spp.). 



Genus EULAEMA Subgenus EULAEMA Lepeletier 



Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 11. Name placed on Official List 

 of Generic Names in Zool. by Internatl. Comn. Zool. NomencL, Op. 567, 1959. 



Type-species: Apis dimidiata Fabricius. Desig. by Taschenberg, 1883, as validated 

 by Internatl. Comn. Zool. NomencL, Op. 567, 1959. 

 EulaenisO) Spinola, 1851. In Gay, Hist. Fiscia Polit. Chile, Zool, v. 6, p. 167. 

 Eiilevia Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 309. Emend. 



This subgenus does not occur in America north of Mexico. 



Genus EULAEMA Subgenus APEULAEMA Moure 



Eulaema subg. Apeulaema Moure, 1950. Dusenia 1: 184. 



Type-species: Centris chigitlata Fabricius. Orig. desig. {=Eulaema fasciata 

 Lepeletier). 

 polychroma (Mocsary). Tex. (Brownsville); Mexico (Sonora) south to Ecuador and Peru. 

 Euglossa polychroma Mocsary, 1899. Termes. Fuzetek 22: 170. 6. 



Taxonomy: Moure, 1967. Atas Simposio Biota Amazonica 5 (Zool): 400, 412 (tax. status, 

 geogr. range). 



