2190 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Tribe BOMBINI 



The Bombini includes common, large or medium-sized, social bees which are conspicuously 

 marked with yellow and black, and sometimes, in addition, with red, or white hair. While most of 

 the species are pollen-collecting bees, the species of the genus Psithyrus live as social parasites 

 in the nests of the genus Boynbus. Species of this tribe are found in North and South America, 

 Eurasia including Japan and Taiwan, the Philippine Islands, Indonesia east to Java and a few 

 species are successfully adventive in New Zealand. 



Revision: Franklin, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 177-486 (New World spp., first part). 

 —Franklin, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 39: 73-200, 22 pis. (New World spp., concluding 

 part). — Milliron, 1970. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 65: i-lii (bibliography of New World spp.). 

 — Milliron, 1971. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 82: 1-80, pis. I-XI, 14 figs., 6 maps (Part I: 

 contains information on development of color, distribution, external morphology, 

 hybridization, life histories, phylogeny and classification; treats west, hemisphere spp. of 

 genus Bornbus and genus Megabombus subg. Bombias). —Milliron, 1972. Ent. Soc. 

 Canada, Mem. 89: 81-237, pis. XII-XV, maps 7-35 (Part II: treats west, hemisphere spp. of 

 genus Megabombus subg. Megabombus). —Milliron, 1973. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 91: 

 239-333, pis. XVI-XX, maps 36-56 (Part III: t»eats west, hemisphere spp. of genus 

 Pyrobombus subg. CuUumanobombus). 



Taxonomy: Prison, 1919. 111. Acad. Sci., Trans. 12: 157-165 (Illinois spp.). —Jackson, 1920. 

 Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 162-168 (District of Columbia and vicinity). — Lutz and 

 Cockerell, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 502-544 (catalog of N. Amer. spp). 

 — Fattig, 1923. Fla. Ent. 7: 25 (Florida spp.). — Neave, 1926. Ent. News 37: 252-254 

 (Alberta spp.). -Prison, 1927. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 53: 51-78, 2 pis. (systematic 

 relationships of spp. in Amer. north of Mexico). — Scullen, 1927. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4: 69-76, 

 121-128 (Oregon spp.). —Neave, 1933. Canad. Jour. Res. 8: 62-72 (Manitoba spp.). 

 —Milliron, 1939. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, Papers 24 (2): 168-182 (Michigan spp.). 

 —Chandler, 1950. Indiana Acad. Sci., Proc. 60: 167-177 (Indiana spp.). — Frankhn, 1954. 

 Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 43-51 (evolution, distribution). —Stephen, 1957. Oreg. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 40: 1-163, 31 figs., 18 maps (revision of western N. Amer. spp.). 

 —Milliron, 1961. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 34: 49-61. (generic reclassification). — LaBerge and 

 Webb, 1962. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bui. 205: 1-38 (Nebraska spp.). —Mitchell, 1962. N. 

 C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 513-544, figs. 128-134, table 18 (east. U. S. spp.). 

 — Medler and Carney, 1963. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bui. 240: 1-47 (Wisconsin spp.). 

 — Pisani, Sakagami, Crestana, Aily and Lorenzetti, 1968. Acad. Sci. Brasil. Cienc Letras, 

 An. 40: 373-389 (morphometries). — Faester and Hammer, 1970. Ent. Meddel. 38: 257-302 

 (cent, and north. European spp.). —Stephen and Koontz, 1973. Melanderia 13: 1-12, 52 figs, 

 (larvae). — Plowright and Stephen, 1973. Canad. Ent. 105: 733-743 (numerical taxonomic 

 analysis of evolutionary relationships). —Stephen and Cheldelin, 1973. Biochem. 

 Systematics 1: 69-76 (phenetic groups based on a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase). 



Biology: Putnam, 1864. Essex Inst. Salem, Proc. 4: 98-105 (habits). —Packard, 1864. Essex 

 Inst. Salem 4: 107-140, pi. 3 (life histories of New England spp., parasites). — Sladen, 1912. 

 The humble-bee, its life history and how to domesticate it, xiii and 283 pp., London, 

 Macmillan. — Frison, 1926. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 19: 203-234, pi. XVII (natural enemies of 

 111. spp.). — Plath, 1927. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 20: 181-192 (hibernation). —Free and Butler, 

 1959. Bumblebees, xiv and 208 pp., London, Collins. —Plath, 1934. Bumblebees and their 

 ways, 201 pp.. New York, Macmillan. — Macfarlane, 1973. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. 104: 27-30 

 (predators). — Michener, 1974. The social behavior of the bees, chapter 28: 314-328, figs., 

 Cambridge, Massachusetts, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (natural 

 history). — Pouvreau, 1974. Apidologie 5: 39-81 (enemies of adults). — Alford, 1975. 

 Bumblebees, 352 pp., London, Davis-Poynter Ltd. (life histories of British spp.). 



Morphology: Barendrecht, 1931. Acta Zool. 12: 153-204, 23 figs, (corpora pedunculata). 

 —Palm, 1949. Opusc Ent. 14: 27-47, 8 figs, (pharyngeal gland). 



